Practice Questions From Spec With Answers Flashcards
(42 cards)
What percentage change did the 65-69 age category experience in rural areas of England between 2001 and 2015?
56% increase
This reflects urban-rural retirement migration, highlighting the benefits of a quieter rural environment, less traffic, lower housing costs, and access to leisure activities.
What was the percentage increase for the 45-49 age category in rural areas of England from 2001 to 2015?
21% increase
This is linked to urban-rural migration for individuals working at home, benefiting from the rural environment with internet access and no need for commuting.
What percentage increase did the 20-24 age category show in rural areas between 2001 and 2015?
19% increase
Young families are attracted to lower cost housing and a safer rural environment, with the willingness to commute to urban jobs.
What percentage decrease did the 30-34 age category experience in rural areas from 2001 to 2015?
17% decrease
This reflects rural-urban migration due to greater employment opportunities and dissatisfaction with service provision and social opportunities in rural areas.
What was the percentage decrease for the 35-39 age category in rural areas of England between 2001 and 2015?
24% decrease
This supports the trend of rural-urban migration driven by better employment opportunities in urban areas.
What does cyclical economic change refer to?
Fluctuations in economic activity over time, typically characterized by periods of boom and recession.
How does household income vary during periods of boom and recession?
It increases during booms and decreases during recessions.
What are some social impacts of increased household income during economic booms?
- Access to housing
- Improved health services
- Better education opportunities
- Increased spending on leisure and luxury items
What are social impacts of reduced household income during recessions?
- Cuts in household spending on recreation
- Reduced access to health services
- Decreased education opportunities
- Falling standards of living
True or False: During recessions, wealthier households are less affected by unemployment than low-income households.
True
What is the relationship between unemployment and health during periods of recession?
Higher unemployment correlates with worsening mental health and overall health outcomes.
What impacts does cyclical economic change have on government spending?
Government spending on health, education, and housing varies between periods of recession and boom.
Fill in the blank: The _______ dimension of recession includes impacts such as structural unemployment leading to service decline in specific areas.
spatial
What are the indicators of social impacts during economic growth?
- New investments
- Creation of job opportunities
- Reduced unemployment
- Increased household income
What are the consequences of structural unemployment in certain areas during a recession?
Decline in services and economic opportunities in those areas.
Describe the social impacts of cyclical economic change on disadvantaged groups.
Disproportionate effects during recessions, making it harder for low-income households to withstand unemployment.
What is one way that time-space compression can influence our sense of place?
Improved transport and communications can lead to global trade connections
This results in goods from around the world being available in local shops, enhancing a sense of global connection.
How does easier flow of money and investments affect sense of place?
It creates financial hubs in advanced countries, changing the nature of places like Canary Wharf from dockland to service centre
This transformation affects local economies and perceptions of those areas.
What impact does increased labor mobility have on sense of place?
It influences ethnic diversity in some places, altering cultural and built environments
This change can enrich the local culture but may also lead to tensions.
What is a negative effect of the spread of global brands on high streets?
It threatens the uniqueness of high streets and may lead to smaller independent traders going out of business
This can create feelings of dislocation among residents.
Fill in the blank: Time-space compression can lead to improved transport and communications, which _______.
overcomes spatial / distance barriers
What is a basic understanding of how time-space compression influences our sense of place?
It can lead to simple ideas about links between time-space compression and sense of place
This may include basic observations without deep analysis.
True or False: Time-space compression has no impact on local cultures.
False
What are the greatest challenges faced by LIDCs within the global migration system?
Economic and social ‘brain drain’ effects, exploitation of workers, inequalities in migration patterns
LIDCs face significant challenges including the loss of both low-skilled and highly skilled labor, human trafficking, forced labor, and socio-economic inequalities related to migration.
