Which animal is responsible for the highest incidence of bites
Dogs <1 year old
What is a common cause of bites in developing nations and combat zones
Wild dogs
What is the most common pathogen found in wound infections from dog bites?
Pasturella multocida
Prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary for most dog bite however in a field environment consideration is warranted.
What would be indications for antibiotics for dog bites?
(1 Signs of infection
(2 Bite on face present for > 24 hours OR bite on extremity > 8 hours without irrigation
(3 Immunocompromised state for the victim
(4 Crush injury or significant contamination of wound
(5 Bite wounds of the hands or feet
Antibiotics for dog bites
- Amoxicillin/Cla vulanate (Augmentin) 875/125 mg BID or 500/125 mg TID
- Clindamycin + fluoroquinolone 300 mg PO q 6 hours for 7 days
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 750mg PO BID for 4-8 weeks
Which animal has a higher infection rate in comparion to other domestic animals
Cats
Antibiotics for cat bites
1) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin),
2) Clindamycin + fluoroquinolone if penicillin allergic
Larger animals raise more suspicion for what injuries rather than bites?
- blunt and penetrating trauma
- deep arterial damage
- nerve damage
- internal organ damage
Aeromonas hydrophila is a concern for what kind of wild animal bites
Fresh water (alligator or crocodile bites)
Antibiotics for Fresh water bites (alligator or crocodiles)
- Trimethoprim-Sulfamethaxazole (Bactrim DS) 800mg/160mg PO q 12 hours for 7 days
- Doxycycline 100mg BID for 7 days
Antibiotic choice for wild animal is the same as?
Domestic animal bites
In salt (ocean) water, what antibiotics should be used ?
- Doxycycline Plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram IV daily
- Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)2 grams IV every 12 hours
Mosquito-borne illnesses:
(a) Encephalitis
(b) Yellow fever
(c) Dengue
(d) Chikungunya
(e) Zika
(f) Lymphatic filariasis
Mosquito-borne diseases found in the U.S. are:
(a) Eastern equine encephalitis
(b) Western equine encephalitis
(c) St. Louis encephalitis
(d) La Crosse encephalitis
(e) West Nile virus
How long is the incubation period for mosquito borne disease
48 hours to one year or more
Who should be consulted for mosquito bite treatment
CDC website and the local Preventive Medicine instruction/ travel medicine specialist before operations
