Blackcloud Body Wall and Thorax p.18-40

Question 1

drains lung tissue and visceral pleura into the bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes

Answer 1

superficial lymphatic plexus

Question 2

drains structures that form the root of the lung into the pulmonary lymph nodes along the lobar bronchi

Answer 2

deep lymphatic plexus

Question 3

where is the superficial plexus located?

Answer 3

deep to the visceral pleura

Question 4

where is the deep lymphatic plexus loacted?

Answer 4

in the submucosa of the bronchi and connective tissue

Question 5

path of lymph from bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

Answer 5

s. and i. Tracheobronchial lymph nodes, to bronchomediastinal lymph trunks and out the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct (left)

Question 6

negative pressure in pleural cavity and surface tension between pleural levels causes

Answer 6

inhalation

Question 7

diaphragm moves one vertebral level in

Answer 7

quiet respiration

Question 8

diaphragm moves two levels in

Answer 8

full respiration

Question 9

lesion to phrenic n. causes paralysis of dome you’d notice in

Answer 9

inspiration, not exhalation

Question 10

why do the lungs enlarge, instead of the pleural cavity

Answer 10

surface tension of fluid between pleural layers causing them to stick together

Question 11

muscles in deep inspiration or controlled exhalation

Answer 11

quadratus lumborum, intercostals, scalenes, serratus posterior superior, SCM

Question 12

muscles in deep expiration

Answer 12

serratus posteior inferior, internal and innermost intercostals, transversus thoracis

Question 13

anything that compromises the negative pressure in the pleural cavity, which can cause the lung to collapse.

Answer 13

pneumothorax

Question 14

contents of posterior mediastinum

Answer 14

esophagus, esophageal plexus, descending aorta, thoracic duct

Question 15

esophagus is ____ and to the ____ of the descending aorta

Answer 15

anterior, to the right

Question 16

azygous system is ____ to the esophagus and ascending aorta

Answer 16

posterior

Question 17

greater splanchnic nerve runs ____ from the sympathetic chain toward the posterior mediastinum, and ____ toward the diaphragm

Answer 17

anteriorly, inferiorly

Question 18

blood supply to cervical esophagus

Answer 18

inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)

Question 19

blood supply to thoracic esophagus

Answer 19

branches from descending thoracic aorta

Question 20

blood supply to abdominal esophagus

Answer 20

left gastric artery

Question 21

azygous system drains into

Answer 21

SVC

Question 22

paired branches of descending aorta in order

Answer 22

bronchial arteries, mediastinal arteries, esophageal arteries, pericardial arteries, superior phrenic

Question 23

emerge from the intervertebral foramina of thoracic vertebra and run in the intercostal space just inferior to a rib

Answer 23

intercostal nerves

Question 24

carries lymph from lower body, left upper limb, left thorax, left head and neck

Answer 24

thoracic duct

Question 25

thoracic duct is ____ the azygous vein and descending aorta, ____ the esophagus

Answer 25

between, posterior to

Question 26

lymphatic drainage of the anterior intercostal spaces goes to

Answer 26

parasternal lymph nodes that drain to the subclavian veins

Question 27

lymphatic drainage of the posterior intercostal spaces goes to

Answer 27

intercostal lymph nodes that drain to the thoracic duct

Question 28

the thoracic duct drains into the venous system at the intersection of

Answer 28

the subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 29

Do the lungs break through the mesothelial lining of the pleural cavity?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Are the lungs within the pleural cavity?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

narrowing aorta (defect in 10%) occurs in the region of

Answer 31

the ductus arteriosis

Question 32

narrowing aorta causes what to appear in radiograph

Answer 32

notched ribs, from enlarged internal thoracic artery

Question 33

dermatomes are ___ than nerve outlets.

Answer 33

lower

Question 34

thickening at the edges of the cusps of the semilunar valves, which add stability

Answer 34

lunule

Question 35

what contains chemoreceptors to detect low O2 and respond with increased heart rate and respiration

Answer 35

the carotid body

Question 36

GSE innervation to heart?

Answer 36

there is none. No skeletal muscle

Question 37

atelectasis

Answer 37

when obstruction prevents air from reaching a part of the lung

Question 38

muscles that bend trunk to same side

Answer 38

external and internal obliques

Question 39

muscles that rotate trunk to same side

Answer 39

transversus abdominis

Question 40

muscles that flex trunk

Answer 40

rectus abdominis

Question 41

linea alba

Answer 41

where the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis meet in the midline raphe

Question 42

rectus sheath above belly button

Answer 42

external oblique apo is anterior to rectus, transversus apo is posterior to rectus, internal oblique splits to go on both sides of rectus

Question 43

rectus sheath below belly button

Answer 43

all three muscles' apos pass anterior to the rectus.

Question 44

blood supply to anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 44

segmental lumbar arteries (from aorta) superior epigastric muscles (from internal thoracic), inferior epigastric (from external iliac)

Question 45

superior abdominal wall drains to

Answer 45

axillary or parasternal vessels

Question 46

posterior abdominal wall drains to

Answer 46

femoral region

Question 47

anterior abdominal wall veins drain

Answer 47

to IVC or ascending lumbar veins (from azygous system)

Question 48

left ascending lumbar vein becomes hemiazygous when

Answer 48

it passes through the diaphragm

Question 49

deep lymph: upper anterior abdominal wall

Answer 49

parasternal lymph nodes that drain to the subclavian veins

Question 50

deep lymph: inferior abdominal wall

Answer 50

deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 51

lymphatics returning with lumbar veins drain into

Answer 51

lymphatic trunks on either side of the IVC

Question 52

fatty portion of superficial fascia inferior to umbilicus

Answer 52

Camper's fascia

Question 53

underlying membranous layer of superficial fascia inferior to umbilicus, used for stapling in surgery

Answer 53

Scarpa's fascia

Question 54

in midline, contains remnant of allantois, the embryoninc tube that connected urinary bladder to umbilicus

Answer 54

Median umbilical fold

Question 55

on either side of median umbilical fold, contains umbilical arteries.

Answer 55

Medial umbilical folds

Question 56

formed by underlying inferior epigastric artery and vein travelling laterally to umbilicus

Answer 56

Lateral umbilical folds

Question 57

connects diaphragmatic surface of liver to anterior abdomenal wall, divides liver into left and right lobes

Answer 57

falciform ligament

Question 58

where small intestine begins

Answer 58

pyloric sphincter

Question 59

right hypochondriac compartment contains

Answer 59

liver, gallbladder

Question 60

epigastric compartment contains

Answer 60

stomach, pancreas, duodenum

Question 61

left hypochondriac compartment contains

Answer 61

spleen, left colic flexure

Question 62

right lumbar compartment contains

Answer 62

right kidney, right ureter, ascending colon

Question 63

umbilical compartment contains

Answer 63

loops of small intestine, aorta, IVC

Question 64

left lumbar compartment contains

Answer 64

left kidney, left ureter, descending colon

Question 65

right iliac compartment contains

Answer 65

cecum, appendix

Question 66

hypogastric compartment contains

Answer 66

coils of small intestine, bladder, uterus

Question 67

left iliac compartment contains

Answer 67

sigmoid colon

Question 68

foregut derivatives are

Answer 68

liver, stomach, pancreas

Question 69

foregut derivatives are mostly superior to

Answer 69

the subcostal plane (L2)

Question 70

within the abdominal cavity, a potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum

Answer 70

peritoneal cavity

Question 71

which organs are in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 71

none of them

Question 72

what is the peritoneal cavity good for?

Answer 72

allows free movement of abdominal viscera, minimizes friction, resists infection

Question 73

space bound by abdominal wall, diaphragm and pelvis

Answer 73

abdominal cavity

Question 74

abdominal cavity is intraperitoneal because

Answer 74

it is lined with peritoneum

Question 75

omentum

Answer 75

double layered fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other organs

Question 76

lesser omentum

Answer 76

connects visceral surface of liver to stomach and duodenum

Question 77

lesser omentum is made up of

Answer 77

gastrohepatic and hepatoduodenal ligaments

Question 78

greater omentum

Answer 78

runs along greater curve of stomach, covers small and large intestines. 4 layers of peritoneum

Question 79

greater omentum is made up of

Answer 79

gastrocolic, gastrosplenic, gastrophrenic ligaments

Question 80

what three things are primarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 80

kidneys, aorta, IVC

Question 81

mesentary starts in the ____ plane, moves to the ____ plane

Answer 81

sagittal, coronal

Question 82

closed space posterior to stomach, can only be entered via omental foramen, surrounds posterior liver

Answer 82

lesser sac/omental bursa

Question 83

give off branches along lesser curve of stomach, anastomose with eachother

Answer 83

right and left gastric artery

Question 84

supply greater curve of stomach, anastomose with each other

Answer 84

right and left gastro-omental arteries

Question 85

supply body and tail of pancreas and spleen

Answer 85

splenic arteries

Question 86

supply head of pancreas and duodenum

Answer 86

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 87

connects liver to superior duodenum

Answer 87

hepatoduodenal ligment

Question 88

hepatoduodenal ligment contains

Answer 88

hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and common bile duct (portal triad) and hepatic nerve plexus

Question 89

connects liver to stomach, contains right and left gastric arteries

Answer 89

gastrohepatic ligament (lesser curve)

Question 90

right and left gastric veins drain to

Answer 90

hepatic portal vein

Question 91

short gastric veins and left gastro-omental veins drain to

Answer 91

splenic vein

Question 92

splenic vein joins superior mesenteric vein to form

Answer 92

hepatic portal vein

Question 93

right gastro-omnetal vein drains into

Answer 93

superior mesenteric vein

Question 94

folds of mucose inside stomach

Answer 94

rugae

Question 95

level of esophageal hiatus

Answer 95

T10

Question 96

level of pylorus

Answer 96

L1

Question 97

remnant of ventral mesentary attaching liver to anterior abdomical wall

Answer 97

falciform ligament

Question 98

separates the left and caudate lobes

Answer 98

gastrohepatic ligament

Question 99

runs in free ende of falciform ligament, is obliterated umbilical vein

Answer 99

round ligament