Bladder cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Histological types of Bladder ca
A
Urothelial (90%)
Squamous
Adenocarcinoma
2
Q
Risk factors
A
Male Elderly Smoking Factory workers (aniline dyes, petrol, hairdressers) Schistosoma haematobium
3
Q
Clinical features
A
Painless macroscopic/gross haematuria throughout micturition
PAIN (locally advanced or metastatic stage)
-flank pain (ureter obstruction)
-suprapubic pain (locally advanced ca invade perivesical tissues and nerves) and ass with urinary retention ( bladder outler obstruction)
VOIDING SYMPTOMS in CIS due to functional decrease in the bladder capacity, trigone invasion, detrusor overactivity or obstruction of the bladder neck or urethra
- IRRITATIVE VOIDING SYMPTOMS (daytime or nocturnal freq, urgency, dysuria or urge incontinence)
CONSTITUTIONAL SYMPTOMS:
-fatigue
-LOW
-Anorexia
4
Q
Investigations
A
urinalysis -dipstick analysis positive for blood FBC LFT Coag Cystoscopy -look for tumour then biopsied or resected USS MRI CT TAP
5
Q
Management
A
Non-muscle invasive disease (T1,T2) -transurethral resection -intravesical therapy Muscle invasive disease - radical cystectomy --removal of bladder, adjacent organs and regional lymph nodes - urinary diversion --ileal conduits Neo adjuvant chemotherapy Adjuvant therapy
