Block 3 Lab

Question 1

Define elixir

Answer 1

oral solutions with hydroalcoholic sweetener

Question 2

Define tincture.

Answer 2

alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solutions w/ veggie substances

Question 3

Define syrup.

Answer 3

oral solution with lots of sugar

Question 4

Define spirit.

Answer 4

alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution

Question 5

Define lotion.

Answer 5

liquid emulsion for topical application

Question 6

Ethanol content for child under 1 month?

Answer 6

none

Question 7

Ethanol content for child 1 month - 6 years?

Answer 7

0.5 %

Question 8

Ethanol content for child 6-12 years?

Answer 8

5%

Question 9

Ethanol content for child older than 12 years?

Answer 9

10%

Question 10

When do preservatives not need to be added?

Answer 10

1) 9 < pH < 3
2) antimicrobials already present
3) stat
4) rx for neonate (<1 month)

Question 11

What substances act as oral preservatives?

Answer 11

1) alcohols/glycols (only at high concentrations)
2) organic acids
- - benzoate, sorbate, methyl/propyl-parabens

Question 12

What preservatives also work for topical solutions?

Answer 12

1) isopropyl alcohol

2) BAK

Question 13

What factors influence palatability?

Answer 13

1) taste
2) smell
3) texture
4) appearance
5) temperature

Question 14

What % (v/v) is generally used for flavor concentrates?

Answer 14

0.2 - 0.5% (max 2%)

Question 15

Define flavor concentrate.

Answer 15

an oil- or alcohol-based flavor without sweetener

Question 16

What are examples of proprietary blend additives?

Answer 16

1) bitter suppressor

2) sweetening enhancer

Question 17

How are fine, uniform-sized particles achieved?

Answer 17

1) drug form
2) equipment
3) compounding technique

Question 18

Why are fine, uniform-sized particles important?

Answer 18

1) optimal dissolution
2) patient acceptance
3) acceptable sedimentation

Question 19

How is a uniform dispersion achieved?

Answer 19

by wetting

Question 20

What are common wetting agents?

Answer 20

1) glycerin
2) alcohol
3) propylene glycol
4) PEG
5) surfactant
6) water, not often used because it needs preservatives and hydrophilic drug
7) ora-plus for hydrophilic tablet wetting

Question 21

How do wetting agents help achieve a uniform dispersion?

Answer 21

help liquid replace air on the surface of powders

Question 22

What are common suspending agents?

Answer 22

1) methylcellulose
2) ora-plus
3) suspendol-S

Question 23

What agents promote deflocculated suspensions?

Answer 23

1) bentonite
2) xanthan gum
3) oraplus
4) suspendol
5) USP suspenders

Question 24

What agents promote flocculated suspensions?

Answer 24

1) acadia
2) methylcellulose
3) tragacanth

Question 25

When should a flocculating agent be used?

Answer 25

if particle size is fine causing a tendency to agglomerate

Question 26

What factors promote ease of redispersion?

Answer 26

1) particle size 2) time 3) flocculation

Question 27

What expiration should be assigned if no expiration is indicated for an ingredient?

Answer 27

3 years from date of packaging or receipt

Question 28

BUD for non-aqueous topicals?

Answer 28

6 months

Question 29

BUD for aqueous topicals?

Answer 29

30 days

Question 30

BUD for aqueous orals?

Answer 30

14 days

Question 31

What factors can affect BUD assignment?

Answer 31

1) literature evaluation 2) intended duration of therapy 3) USP guidance 4) ingredient expirations

Question 32

How should bulk ingredients be listed on a MF?

Answer 32

drug, source (USP/NF), % strength, formulation ex: Hydrocortisone, USP 1% powder

Question 33

How should ingredients be listed on a MF?

Answer 33

drug, strength, formulation

Question 34

What quality assurance aspects might be listed on a CR?

Answer 34

1) appearance, smell, color | 2) weight, final volume, pH

Question 35

characteristics of a deflocculated suspension.

Answer 35

1) particles are separate entities 2) slow sedimentation that becomes packed 3) good appearance

Question 36

characteristics of a flocculated suspension.

Answer 36

1) particles are loose, weakly covalent aggregates 2) sediment forms quickly but is loosely packed 3) unpleasing appearance

Question 37

Desired qualities for a suspension.

Answer 37

1) fine uniform particle size 2) uniform dispersion 3) slow sedimentation 4) ease of redispersion

Question 38

How is sucrose supplied?

Answer 38

as a powder of syrup, NF

Question 39

How is sorbitol supplied?

Answer 39

powder or 70% solution

Question 40

What are various sweeteners?

Answer 40

1) sucrose 2) sorbitol 3) saccharin 4) aspartame 5) stevia

Question 41

What flavors for sweet drug?

Answer 41

1) amoxicillin flavors | 2) vanilla

Question 42

What flavors for acid/sour drug?

Answer 42

fruity

Question 43

What flavors for bitter drug?

Answer 43

1) lemon/orange 2) cherry/raspberry 3) mints 4) chocolate

Question 44

What flavors for oily drug?

Answer 44

1) lemon/orange 2) mints 3) chocolate

Question 45

When is a conical used?

Answer 45

for viscous liquid

Question 46

What to avoid when using a glass mortar?

Answer 46

1) metal spatula | 2) crushing big crystals

Question 47

Advantages of solutions?

Answer 47

1) immediate ADME 2) homogenous 3) flexible in strength, route, flavor

Question 48

Disadvantages of solutions?

Answer 48

1) solubility/stability 2) taste masking 3) handling

Question 49

When are benzoate buffers as preservative ineffective?

Answer 49

pH > 5

Question 50

How is aspartame supplied?

Answer 50

powder

Question 51

Which sweetener(s) are heat-labile?

Answer 51

aspartame

Question 52

How is saccharin supplied?

Answer 52

powder

Question 53

What is the advantage to stevia?

Answer 53

natural

Question 54

What are the labeling requirements for a compounded Rx?

Answer 54

1) BUD 2) notification of a compounded product 3) any specific storage info