Block 3 Musculoskeltal flashcards

1
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked or stiff

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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4
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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5
Q

dactyl/o

A

digit

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6
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

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7
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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8
Q

kyph/o

A

humped-back

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9
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

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10
Q

lord/o

A

bent

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11
Q

lumb/o

A

loin (lower back)

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12
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

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13
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow or spinal cord

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14
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis (basin) or hip bone

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15
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped or striated (skeletal)

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16
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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17
Q

radi/o

A

radius

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18
Q

scoli/o

A

twisted

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19
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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20
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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21
Q

tend/o

A

tendon

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22
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

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23
Q

ton/o

A

tone or tnesion

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24
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

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25
Q

ankylosis

A

stiffened joint

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26
Q

pelvimetry

A

measurement of the diameters of the pelvis

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27
Q

pelviscope

A

scope used to examine the interior of the pelvis

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28
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

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29
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the skull, vertebral column, chest, hyoid

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30
Q

compact bone

A

tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bone

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31
Q

How many cervical vertebra?

A

7

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32
Q

How many thoracic vertebra?

A

12

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33
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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34
Q

How many sacral vertebrae?

A

5

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35
Q

How many coccyx vertebrae?

A

3 or 4

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36
Q

spongy / cancellous bone

A

mesh-like bone tissue found in bone interior surrounding the medullary cavity

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37
Q

long bones

A

arms & legs

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38
Q

short bones

A

wrist & ankles

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39
Q

flat bones

A

ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, skull

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40
Q

irregular bones

A

vertebrae, face

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41
Q

sesamoid bones

A

round bones found near joints

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42
Q

epiphysis

A

wide ends of long bone

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43
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone

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44
Q

metaphysis

A

growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis

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45
Q

endosteum

A

membrane lining the medullary cavity of a long bone

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46
Q

medullary cavity

A

cavity within shaft of long bones filled with bone marrow

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47
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

replaces red marrow for fat tissue

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48
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone

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49
Q

bursa

A

fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

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50
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

the soft, fibrocartilaginous central portion of intervertebral disks

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51
Q

synovial membrane

A

membrane lining the joint capsule

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52
Q

origin of muscle

A

muscle end attached to bone that does not move when muscle contract

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53
Q

insertion of a muscle

A

muslce end attached to bone that moves when the muscle contracts

54
Q

anatomical position

A

upright facing forward with feet pointed forward and slightly apart. Arms at sides with palms forward.

55
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical division into right and left

56
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal division into upper and lower

57
Q

coronal plane

A

vertical division into front and back

58
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical division into front and back

59
Q

decubitus

A

lying down (in a bed)

60
Q

prone

A

lying face down and flat

61
Q

recumbent

A

lying down

62
Q

supine

A

lying flat on the back

63
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the body

64
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

65
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

66
Q

supination

A

turning of palmar surface upward or forward

67
Q

pronation

A

turning of palmar surface downward or backward

68
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending of foot or toes upward

69
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending of sole of foot by curling toes toward the ground

70
Q

gonimeter

A

instrument used to measure joint angles

71
Q

crepitation / crepitus

A

grating sound sometimes made by movement of joint or broken bones

72
Q

exostosis

A

projection arising from a bone that develops cartilage

73
Q

spasm

A

drawing in; involuntary contraction of a muscle

74
Q

spastic

A

uncontrolled contraction of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements

75
Q

tremor

A

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

76
Q

osteoarthritis

A

most common form of arthritis, especially affecting the weight-bearing joints and characterized by erosion of articular cartilage

77
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

78
Q

degenerative arthritis

A

OA

79
Q

degenerative joint disease

A

OA

80
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

81
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

82
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

most crippling form of arthritis; characterized by chroning, systemic inflammation. Most often affects joints and synovial membranes causing ankylosis and deformity

83
Q

gouty arthritis

A

acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint caused by hyperuricemia

84
Q

bony necrosis

A

bone tissue that has died from a loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture

85
Q

sequestrum

A

bone tissue that has died from a loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture

86
Q

bunion

A

swelling of joint at base of great toe caused by bursitis

87
Q

Fx

A

fracture

88
Q

closed fracture

A

broken bone with no open wound

89
Q

open fracture

A

compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound

90
Q

simple fracture

A

nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair (hairline, stress, or a crack)

91
Q

complex fracture

A

displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery

92
Q

fracture line

A

line of a break (oblique, spiral, transverse)

93
Q

comminuted fracture

A

broken in many small pieces

94
Q

greenstick fracture

A

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

95
Q

leiomyoma

A

smooth muscle tumor

96
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant smooth muscle tumor

97
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

skeletal muscle tumor

98
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

99
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by a progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles. Duchenne type is most common

100
Q

osteoma

A

bone tumor

101
Q

osteosarcoma

A

type of malignant bone tumor

102
Q

rickets

A

osteomalacia in children

103
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hump-back)

104
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway back)

105
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

106
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra

107
Q

spondylosis

A

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration

108
Q

sprain

A

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma

109
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

110
Q

-osis

A

condition or increase

111
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

112
Q

electromyogram

A

a neurodiagnostic, graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle at rest and contraction

113
Q

nuclear medicine imaging

A

an ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes

114
Q

radionuclide organ imaging

A

an ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes

115
Q

bone scan

A

a nuclear scan of bone tissue to detect a tumor, malignancy

116
Q

radiography

A

an imaging modality using x-rays (ionizing) commonly used in orthopedics

117
Q

arthrogram

A

a radiograph of a joint taken after injection of contrast

118
Q

AKA

A

above-knee amputation

119
Q

BKA

A

below-knee amputation

120
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture for aspiration of joint

121
Q

arthrodesis

A

binding or fusing of joint surfaces

122
Q

open reduction, internal fixation

A

internal surgical Fx repair by bringing bones back into alignment and fixing them in place with plates, screws, or pins

123
Q

osteotomy

A

an incision into bone

124
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

spinal fusion

125
Q

tenotomy

A

division of a tendon by incision to repair a deformity caused by muscle shortening

126
Q

closed reduction, external fixation

A

external manipulation of Fx to regain alignment along with external device

127
Q

types of closed reduction, internal fixation

A

casting, splinting, traction

128
Q

Tx

A

traction

129
Q

traction

A

application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing

130
Q

closed reduction, percutaenous fixation

A

external manipulation, followed by insertion of one or more pins through the skin to maintain position

131
Q

orthosis

A

use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bone’s position or to provide limb support

132
Q

prosthesis

A

an artificial replacement for a missing body part