Block 3 Musculoskeltal flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
ankyl/o
A
crooked or stiff
2
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
3
Q
articul/o
A
joint
4
Q
cervic/o
A
neck
5
Q
dactyl/o
A
digit
6
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia
7
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
8
Q
kyph/o
A
humped-back
9
Q
lei/o
A
smooth
10
Q
lord/o
A
bent
11
Q
lumb/o
A
loin (lower back)
12
Q
myos/o
A
muscle
13
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow or spinal cord
14
Q
pelv/i
A
pelvis (basin) or hip bone
15
Q
rhabd/o
A
rod-shaped or striated (skeletal)
16
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh
17
Q
radi/o
A
radius
18
Q
scoli/o
A
twisted
19
Q
spondyl/o
A
vertebra
20
Q
ten/o
A
tendon
21
Q
tend/o
A
tendon
22
Q
tendin/o
A
tendon
23
Q
ton/o
A
tone or tnesion
24
Q
uln/o
A
ulna
25
ankylosis
stiffened joint
26
pelvimetry
measurement of the diameters of the pelvis
27
pelviscope
scope used to examine the interior of the pelvis
28
appendicular skeleton
bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
29
axial skeleton
bones of the skull, vertebral column, chest, hyoid
30
compact bone
tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bone
31
How many cervical vertebra?
7
32
How many thoracic vertebra?
12
33
How many lumbar vertebrae?
5
34
How many sacral vertebrae?
5
35
How many coccyx vertebrae?
3 or 4
36
spongy / cancellous bone
mesh-like bone tissue found in bone interior surrounding the medullary cavity
37
long bones
arms & legs
38
short bones
wrist & ankles
39
flat bones
ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, skull
40
irregular bones
vertebrae, face
41
sesamoid bones
round bones found near joints
42
epiphysis
wide ends of long bone
43
diaphysis
shaft of long bone
44
metaphysis
growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis
45
endosteum
membrane lining the medullary cavity of a long bone
46
medullary cavity
cavity within shaft of long bones filled with bone marrow
47
yellow bone marrow
replaces red marrow for fat tissue
48
periosteum
fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
49
bursa
fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
50
nucleus pulposus
the soft, fibrocartilaginous central portion of intervertebral disks
51
synovial membrane
membrane lining the joint capsule
52
origin of muscle
muscle end attached to bone that does not move when muscle contract
53
insertion of a muscle
muslce end attached to bone that moves when the muscle contracts
54
anatomical position
upright facing forward with feet pointed forward and slightly apart. Arms at sides with palms forward.
55
sagittal plane
vertical division into right and left
56
transverse plane
horizontal division into upper and lower
57
coronal plane
vertical division into front and back
58
frontal plane
vertical division into front and back
59
decubitus
lying down (in a bed)
60
prone
lying face down and flat
61
recumbent
lying down
62
supine
lying flat on the back
63
abduction
movement away from the body
64
eversion
turning outward
65
inversion
turning inward
66
supination
turning of palmar surface upward or forward
67
pronation
turning of palmar surface downward or backward
68
dorsiflexion
bending of foot or toes upward
69
plantar flexion
bending of sole of foot by curling toes toward the ground
70
gonimeter
instrument used to measure joint angles
71
crepitation / crepitus
grating sound sometimes made by movement of joint or broken bones
72
exostosis
projection arising from a bone that develops cartilage
73
spasm
drawing in; involuntary contraction of a muscle
74
spastic
uncontrolled contraction of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements
75
tremor
shaking; rhythmic muscular movement
76
osteoarthritis
most common form of arthritis, especially affecting the weight-bearing joints and characterized by erosion of articular cartilage
77
OA
osteoarthritis
78
degenerative arthritis
OA
79
degenerative joint disease
OA
80
DJD
degenerative joint disease
81
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
82
rheumatoid arthritis
most crippling form of arthritis; characterized by chroning, systemic inflammation. Most often affects joints and synovial membranes causing ankylosis and deformity
83
gouty arthritis
acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint caused by hyperuricemia
84
bony necrosis
bone tissue that has died from a loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture
85
sequestrum
bone tissue that has died from a loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture
86
bunion
swelling of joint at base of great toe caused by bursitis
87
Fx
fracture
88
closed fracture
broken bone with no open wound
89
open fracture
compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound
90
simple fracture
nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair (hairline, stress, or a crack)
91
complex fracture
displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery
92
fracture line
line of a break (oblique, spiral, transverse)
93
comminuted fracture
broken in many small pieces
94
greenstick fracture
bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children
95
leiomyoma
smooth muscle tumor
96
leiomyosarcoma
malignant smooth muscle tumor
97
rhabdomyoma
skeletal muscle tumor
98
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant skeletal muscle tumor
99
muscular dystrophy
a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by a progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles. Duchenne type is most common
100
osteoma
bone tumor
101
osteosarcoma
type of malignant bone tumor
102
rickets
osteomalacia in children
103
kyphosis
abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hump-back)
104
lordosis
abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway back)
105
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
106
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
107
spondylosis
stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration
108
sprain
injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma
109
subluxation
partial dislocation
110
-osis
condition or increase
111
EMG
electromyogram
112
electromyogram
a neurodiagnostic, graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle at rest and contraction
113
nuclear medicine imaging
an ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes
114
radionuclide organ imaging
an ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes
115
bone scan
a nuclear scan of bone tissue to detect a tumor, malignancy
116
radiography
an imaging modality using x-rays (ionizing) commonly used in orthopedics
117
arthrogram
a radiograph of a joint taken after injection of contrast
118
AKA
above-knee amputation
119
BKA
below-knee amputation
120
arthrocentesis
puncture for aspiration of joint
121
arthrodesis
binding or fusing of joint surfaces
122
open reduction, internal fixation
internal surgical Fx repair by bringing bones back into alignment and fixing them in place with plates, screws, or pins
123
osteotomy
an incision into bone
124
spondylosyndesis
spinal fusion
125
tenotomy
division of a tendon by incision to repair a deformity caused by muscle shortening
126
closed reduction, external fixation
external manipulation of Fx to regain alignment along with external device
127
types of closed reduction, internal fixation
casting, splinting, traction
128
Tx
traction
129
traction
application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing
130
closed reduction, percutaenous fixation
external manipulation, followed by insertion of one or more pins through the skin to maintain position
131
orthosis
use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bone's position or to provide limb support
132
prosthesis
an artificial replacement for a missing body part
