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Anatomy & Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  • Transportation
  • Defense
  • Maintain homeostasis
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2
Q

What are the components of blood in order of heaviest to lightest?

A
  • Hematocrit
  • Buffy coat
  • Plasma
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3
Q

Define:

Hematocrit

A

Measure of percentage of red blood cells in blood

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4
Q

Define:

Buffy coat

A

Contains white blood cells and platelets

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5
Q

Define:

Plasma

A

Remainder of blood sample, contains water, proteins, etc.

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6
Q

Where does the red color in blood derive from?

A

Hemoglobin

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7
Q

What is the average blood pH?

A

7.4

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8
Q

How many liters of blood are found in the human body?

A
  • 5 to 6 L for males
  • 4 to 5 L for females
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9
Q

What are the most common proteins found in plasma?

A
  • Albumin
  • Globulins
  • Fibrinogen
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10
Q

What is the function of myeloid stem cells?

A

Produces erythrocytes, megakaryocytes that produce platelets, and myeloblasts that produce granular leukocytes basophil, neutrophil, and eosinophil

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11
Q

Define:

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Glycoprotein hormone secreted by interstitial fibroblast cells of kidneys when oxygen is low

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12
Q

Define:

Thrombopoietin

A

Glycoprotein hormone produced by liver and kidneys triggering development of platelets

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13
Q

What is the function of cytokines?

A

Stimulate resistance to disease

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14
Q

What are the function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

A

Transport oxygen from lungs to rest of body and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs

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15
Q

How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin molecule transport?

A

Four

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16
Q

Define:

Percent saturation

A

Clinical measure of percentage of hemoglobin sites occupied by oxygen in blood

17
Q

Define:

Hypoxia

A

Low percent saturation levels

18
Q

What are some of the trace elements required for red blood cell production?

A
  • Iron
  • Copper
  • Zinc
  • B vitamins
19
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

A

Defends against pathogens and cleans up debris

20
Q

What are some examples of granular leukocytes?

A
  • Eosinophil
  • Neutrophil
  • Basophil
21
Q

What are some examples of agranular leukocytes?

A
  • Monocyte
  • Lymphocyte
22
Q

Define:

Granular leukocyte

A

Contains abundant granules in cytoplasm

23
Q

Define:

Agranular leukocyte

A

Have less granules than granular leukocytes

24
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Responds to infection sites, particularly bacteria

25
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Phagocytosis, antibodies bond to target and form antigen-antibody complex

26
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Intensify inflammatory response

27
Q

What are the three major groups of lymphocytes?

A
  • Natural killer cells
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • Memory cell
28
Q

What is the function of natural killer cells?

A

Recognizes cells that do not express recognizable proteins, generalized immunity

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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