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Anatomy & Physiology > Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is the organization of levels in human body?

A
  • Chemical
  • Cellular
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organ system
  • Organism
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2
Q

What is the smallest unit?

A

Atom

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3
Q

Define:

Molecule

A

Formed from two or more atoms, smallest independently functioning unit of living organisms

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4
Q

Define:

Organ

A

Anatomically-distinct structure composed of two or more tissue types

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5
Q

Define:

Organ system

A

Group of organs working together to perform major function or meet physiological need

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6
Q

Anatomy is the study of:

A

Body structure

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7
Q

Physiology is the study of:

A

Function

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8
Q

Define:

Mechanistic

A

“how”, process

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9
Q

Define:

Telelogical

A

“why”, function

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10
Q

Function of the integumentary system?

A

Encloses internal body structures and hosts sensory receptors

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11
Q

The integumentary system consists of:

A
  • Hair
  • Skin
  • Nails
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12
Q

Function of the muscular system?

A

Enables movement and helps maintain body temperature

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13
Q

The muscular system consists of:

A
  • Skeletal muscles
  • Tendons
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14
Q

Function of the endocrine system?

A

Secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes

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15
Q

The endocrine system consists of:

A
  • Pituitary gland
  • Thyroid gland
  • Pancreas
  • Adrenal gland
  • Testes/Ovaries
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16
Q

Function of the nervous system?

A

Detects and processes sensory information and activates bodily responses

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17
Q

The nervous system consists of:

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Peripheral nerves
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18
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Delivers oxygens and nutrients to tissues and equalizes body temperature

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19
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of:

A
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
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20
Q

Function of lymphatic system?

A

Returns fluid to blood and defends against pathogens

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21
Q

The lymphatic system consists of:

A
  • Thymus
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Lymphatic vessels
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22
Q

Function of digestive system?

A

Processes food for use by body and removes waste from undigested food

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23
Q

The digestive system consists of:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Large and small intestines
24
Q

Function of respiratory system?

Study These Flashcards
A

Removes carbon dioxide from body and delivers oxygen to blood

25
The respiratory system consists of:
* Nasal passage * Trachea * Lungs
26
Function of urinary system?
Controls water balance and removes waste from blood and excretes them
27
The urinary system consists of:
* Kidney * Urinary bladder
28
Function of reproductive system?
Produces sex hormones and gametes
29
The reproductive system consists of:
* Epididymis * Testes * Mammary glands * Ovaries * Uterus
30
Major functions of organ systems?
* Organization * Metabolism * Responsiveness * Movement * Development * Reproduction
31
# Define: Anabolism
Builds complex substances from simpler molecules
32
# Define: Catabolism
Breaks down complex substances into smaller molecules
33
# Define: Homeostasis
Self-regulating processes
34
# Define: Law of Mass Balance
Amount of substance in body remains constant, gain offset by equal loss
35
Equation for mass flow:
Mass flow = concentration * volume flow
36
# Define: Coronal plane
Divides body into dorsal and ventral planes
37
# Define: Transverse plane
Divides body into superior and inferior planes
38
# Define: Sagittal plane
Divides body into left and right planes
39
The ventral cavity consists of:
* Thoracic cavity * Abdominopelvic cavity
40
The dorsal cavity consists of:
* Cranial cavity * Vertebral cavity
41
The serous membrane lines the:
Pericardial cavity
42
# Define: Computed tomography (CT)
Non-invasive method used to analyze cross-sectional x-rays
43
Advantage(s) of CT?
Ideal for scanning soft tissues and diagnostic evaluations
44
Disadvantage(s) of CT?
Radiation level much higher than that of x-rays
45
# Define: X-ray
High energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases
46
Advantages of x-rays?
Ideal for hard tissues like bone and teeth
47
Disadvantage(s) of x-rays?
* Can cause cancer * Only produce 2D images from one angle
48
# Define: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Non-invasive method that exposes patient to magnetic fields and radio waves
49
Advantage(s) of MRI?
* Ideal for discovery of tumors * Produces 2D images with resolution of mm
50
Disadvantage(s) of MRI?
* Loud * Can be uncomfortable * Expensive
51
# Define: Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Detects radioactive emissions by injecting small amount of radioactive tracer into peripheral vein ## Footnote Commonly used to measure rate of glucose consumption in body to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors
52
Advantage(s) of PET?
* Short time to complete (10 to 40 minutes) * Not painful
53
Disadvantage(s) of PET?
* Same amount of radiation as CT
54
# Define: Ultrasonagraphy
Uses transmission of high-frequency sound waves into body to generate echo signal that is converted into real-time image ## Footnote Typically used to study heart function, blood flow in neck or extremities, fetal growth and development, etc.
55
Advantage(s) of ultrasonagraphy?
* Noninvasive
56
Disadvantage(s) of ultrasonagraphy?
* Depends on operator skill * Unable to penetrate bone and gas

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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