Tissues

Question 1

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 1

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

Question 2

Where is epithelial tissue located?

Answer 2

• Exterior surfaces of body
• Lining of internal cavities and passageways
• Forms certain glands

Question 3

Where is connective tissue usually found?

Answer 3

• Binds cells and organs together
• Protects and supports all parts of body

Question 4

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 4

• Skeletal muscle
• Smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle

Question 5

Function of nervous tissue?

Answer 5

• Allows propagation of nerve impulses for communication in body

Question 6

What are the three major cell lineages established within the embryo?

Answer 6

• Ectoderm
• Mesoderm
• Endoderm

Question 7

In which layer does epithelial tissue originate in?

Answer 7

All three layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)

Question 8

In which layer does nervous tissue primarily originate from?

Answer 8

Ectoderm

Question 9

In which layer does muscle tissue primarily originate from?

Answer 9

Mesoderm

Question 10

What are the two types of tissue membranes?

Answer 10

• Connective
• Epithelial

Question 11

Function of connective tissue?

Answer 11

Support and protect tissues and organs

Question 12

What are the categories of connective tissue?

Answer 12

• Loose and dense
• Supportive
• Fluid

Question 13

Where are connective membranes generally found in the body?

Answer 13

In the lining of movable joints and around organs

Question 14

Where are epithelial membranes generally found in the body?

Answer 14

In the lining of body cavities and hollow passageways that open to external environment

Question 15

Function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 15

• Protects internal environment
• Controls material exchange between internal and external environment

Question 16

Which tissue type is most prone to genetic mutations and cancer?

Answer 16

Epithelial

This is due to epithelial tissue regularly dividing and reproducing throughout their lifespan due to wear and tear.

Question 17

What are the five functional types of epithelia?

Answer 17

• Exchange
• Transporting
• Ciliated
• Protective
• Secretory

Question 18

What is the function of tight junctions?

Answer 18

• Separates cells into apical and basal compartments
• Creates blood-brain barrier

Question 19

What is the function of anchoring/adhesive junctions?

Answer 19

Stabilizes epithelial cells

Common on lateral and basal cell surfaces

Question 20

What are the three types of anchoring/adhesive junctions?

Answer 20

• Desmosomes
• Hemidesmosomes
• Adherens

Question 21

What is the function of gap junctions?

Answer 21

Form intercellular passageways between adjacent cell membranes to allow ion/molecule movement

Question 22

Define:

Cadherins

Answer 22

Adhesion molecules embedded in patches, important for holding cells together

Question 23

Define:

Integrins

Answer 23

Adhesion proteins

Question 24

Define:

Squamous cell shape

Answer 24

Flat, thin

Question 25

# Define: Cuboidal cell shape

Answer 25

Boxy

Question 26

# Define: Columnar cell shape

Answer 26

Rectangular, taller

Question 27

# Define: Simple cell layer

Answer 27

* One cell layer * Basal lamina (thin layer of extracellular matrix between cells)

Question 28

# Define: Stratified cell layer

Answer 28

Multiple cell layers

Question 29

# Define: Transitional stratified cell layer

Answer 29

Specialized stratified epithelium in which cell shape varies

Question 30

# Define: Pseudostratified cell layer

Answer 30

Single layer of irregularly shaped cells that look like multiple layers

Question 31

# Define: Gland

Answer 31

Structure made up of one or more cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances

Question 32

What are the two types of glands?

Answer 32

* Exocrine * Endocrine

Question 33

# Define: Endocrine gland

Answer 33

* Ductless, release secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids

Question 34

What is the function of endocrine glands?

Answer 34

* Secrete hormones into interstitial fluid * Coordinate regulation and integration of body responses

Question 35

# Define: Exocrine glands

Answer 35

Release contents via duct to epithelial surface

Question 36

What are the two types of exocrine glands?

Answer 36

* Goblet cells (unicellular) * Serous glands (multicellular)

Question 37

Exocrine glands can be classified by:

Answer 37

* Mode of secretion * Nature of substances released * Structure of glands/duct shape

Question 38

What is the most common type of exocrine secretion?

Answer 38

Merocrine secretion

Question 39

What are the types of glandular secretion?

Answer 39

* Merocrine secretion * Apocrine secretion * Holocrine secretion

Question 40

# Define: Merocrine secretion

Answer 40

Cell remains intact

Question 41

# Define: Apocrine secretion

Answer 41

Accumulates near apical portion of cell and portion is pinched off and released

Question 42

# Define: Holocrine secretion

Answer 42

Involves rupture and destruction of entire gland cell

Question 43

What is the function of fixed cells?

Answer 43

* Local maintenance * Tissue repair * Energy storage

Question 44

What are the type of fixed cells?

Answer 44

* Fibrocytes * Adipocytes * Mesenchymal cells

Question 45

What is the function of mobile cells?

Answer 45

Defense

Question 46

What are the three main types of connective tissue fibers?

Answer 46

* Collagen fibers * Elastic fibers * Reticular fibers

Question 47

What is the function of collagen fibers?

Answer 47

* Resist stretching * Hold connective tissues together during movement

Question 48

What are the properties of elastic fibers?

Answer 48

Returns to original shape after being stretched/compressed

Question 49

Where are reticular fibers mostly found?

Answer 49

In soft organs such as liver/spleen

Question 50

What is the function of loose connective tissue?

Answer 50

Allows water, salts, and nutrients to diffuse through adjacent/embedded cells/tissues

Question 51

Adipose tissue consists mostly of:

Answer 51

Fat storage cells with little extracellular matrix

Question 52

What are the two types of dense connective tissues?

Answer 52

* Regular dense * Irregular dense

Question 53

How are collagen fibers arranged in regular dense connective tissue?

Answer 53

Parallel to one another

Question 54

How are collagen fibers arranged in irregular dense connective tissue?

Answer 54

In mesh-like network

Question 55

What are the three types of supportive connective tissues?

Answer 55

* Hyaline cartilage * Fibrocartilage * Elastic cartilage

Question 56

# Define: Hyaline cartilage

Answer 56

* Most common * Smooth surface * Short and dispersed * Found in rib cage, nose

Question 57

# Define: Fibrocartilage

Answer 57

* Tough, thick collagen fibers dispersed throughout matrix

Question 58

# Define: Elastic cartilage

Answer 58

* Contains elastic fibers, collagen, and proteoglycans * Gives support and elasticity

Question 59

What is the function of bone tissue?

Answer 59

Protects internal organs and supports body

Question 60

What feature of bone tissue allows for quick recovery from injuries?

Answer 60

High vascularization

Question 61

What type of connective tissue would bone tissue be classified as?

Answer 61

Supportive connective tissue

Question 62

What type of connective tissue is blood classified as?

Answer 62

Fluid connective tissue

Question 63

What are the two types of cells found in blood?

Answer 63

* Erythrocytes (red blood cells) * Leukocytes (white blood cells)

Question 64

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 64

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 65

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 65

Defends against harmful microorganisms or molecules