Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology 1 > Blood (5) > Flashcards

Blood (5) Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Constitutive Hematopoiesis

A

Constant formation of cells to maintain the appropriate number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stress Hematopoiesis

A

Induced form when need for new blood and immune cells exceeds their steady state (constitutive) production
e.g. hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hematopoiesis location Fetus vs Adult

A
  • Fetus: Yolk sac - Liver - Bone marrow (red)
  • Adult: Axial skeleton (pelvis, sternum, vertebrae, long bones)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Bone marrow

A
  • Yellow BM: Inactive, fat storage
  • Red BM: Active, RBC production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of cells in Red Bone Marrow

A
  • Hematopoietic cells
  • Stromal cells
  • Hematopoietic Stem cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stromal Cells

A

Structural support, Signaling, and Control of hematopoietic cell maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)

A
  • Self-renewing
  • Some remain stem cells & others form differentiated cells (multipotent)
  • No specific morphology other than surface markers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Surface markers of HSC

A
  • CD34: Cluster Differentiation, cell migration/adhesion regulator that may help SC bind marrow matrix.
  • C-Kit: RTK which binds Stem cell factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Start of Hematopoiesis

A

1) LT-HSC
2) ST-HSC
3) MPP-multipotent progenitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 paths that can be taken from MPP cells

A
  • Common Lymphoid Progenitor
  • Common Myeloid Progenitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common Lymphoid Progenitor differentiation

A
  • T-Progenitor
  • B-Progenitor
  • Natural Killer Progenitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Common Myeloid Progenitor differentiation

A
  • Granulocyte-monocyte Progenitor
  • Megakaryocyte-erythroid Progenitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemokines

A

Small signaling proteins which direct immune/stem cells to sites where they are needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Niche

A

Area in which Stem cells are present in an undifferentiated state and a self-renewable state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 Types of Asymmetry

A
  • Divisional: only a certain type of cells divide
  • Environmental: Some niches produce specific types of cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Development of mature RBCs from erythropoietic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Information on Erythropoiesis

A
  • 7-10 days
  • Occurs in Erythropoietic islands
  • From Myeloid lineage (proerythroblasts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Formation of RBC stages

A

HSC
Proerythroblast
Basophilic Erythroblast
Polychromatic Erythroblast
Orthochromatic Erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte (Mature Red Blood Cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What regulates Erythropoiesis and where is it produced?

A

Erythropoietin
(Kidney cortex by Peritubular interstitial fibroblast-like cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How exactly is Erythropoietin produced

A

Low O2 in Kidney signals using Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) , producing EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What substances must be present for erythrocyte production

A
  • Iron
  • Folic Acid (B9)
  • Vitamin B12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

Formation of Platelets from same myeloid path.
Promegakaryocytes, Megakaryocytes, Thrombocytes (platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Megakaryocyes

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Very large 60 μm
  • Lots of duplicated DNA
  • Reduplication without mitosis
  • Processes extend into blood vessels and disintegrate to form Platelets
24
Q

What regulates Thrombopoiesis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Thrombopoietin
(Liver, sometimes Kidney)

25
What do Monocyte-Macrophage progenitors differentiate to?
- Monocytes - Macrophages - Dendritic cells - Osteoclasts
26
Hematocrit M/F
Volume percentage of RBC in the blood - M: 0.40 - 0.52 -F: 0.37 - 0.48
27
Hemoglobin M/F
- M: 160 - 170 g/L - F: 135 - 145 g/L
28
RBC count
4.5 - 5 Million / μL
29
Platelet count
150,000 - 300,000 / μL
30
WBC count
4000 - 11,000 / μL - N: 60-70% - L: 25-30% - M: 4-8% - E: 2-4% - B: 0-1%
31
A vs B antigen
- A: N-acetyl-Galactosamine - B: Galactose
32
What does RH+ mean?
It has a D antigen also present on RBC You only get this by Immunization
33
Blood groups and Antigens
- A: A, H - B: B, H - AB: A & B, H - O: H Can also have D if RH+
34
Primary vs Secondary Hemostasis
- Primary: Vasoconstriction & Platelet aggregation - Secondary: Clot formation & stability
35
Platelet steps
1) Adhesion 2) Activation 3) Aggregation
36
Platelet Adhesion
The GPVI & GPIa/IIa or even vWF via GPIb-IX-V bind Collagen
37
What happens in Platelet Activation
1) GP-VI binds collagen 2) Tyrosine Phosphorylation Cascade 3) IP3 cascade, Ca2+ signal 4) PLC act., Platelet activation, TXA2 release
38
Platelet activation factor (PAF)
- Produced by Leukocytes - Receptor is Gq coupled - Ca2+ increases (activation)
39
What Glycoproteins attach Platelets to Collagen
- GP-VI - GP-Ia - GP-IIa
40
What Glycoproteins attach Platelet and vWF
GP-Ib-IX-V
41
What Glycoproteins attach Platelet to Fibrinogen in Platelet aggregation
- GP-IIIa - GP-IIb Arg-Gly-Asp domain (RGD) of FIbrinogen
42
What does platelet release during aggregation to attract more platelets
- ADP - TXA2
43
How do surrounding tissues prevent Thrombus formation
They release PGI2 & NO from uninjured endothelial cells preventing the Thrombus from getting too big
44
Intrinsic Tenase complex
- IXa - VIIIa - Phospholipid surface - Ca2+ - X (substrate)
45
What is other name for Tissue Factor
Factor III
46
Extrinsic Tenase complex
- VIIa - TF (III) - Phospholipid membrane - Ca2+ - X (substrate)
47
Prothrombinase Complex
- Xa - Va - Phospholipid layer - Ca2+ - II (prothrombin substrate)
48
What is Factor XIIIa & what does it do
Transglutaminase - Activated by Thrombin, it joins Fibrin monomers together to form a polymer chain (cross-link)
49
Fibrinolysis mechanism
1) Plasminogen binds Lysine residues on Fibrin 2) tPA converts plasminogen to Plasmin 3) Plasmin breaks down fibrin meshwork
50
Physiological Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis
- a1/2-antiplasmin by Liver - PAI-1 by endothelium (plasminogen activator inh.) - TAFI by Liver (thromb. activable fibrinolysis inhibitor)
51
TAFI mech
Cuts Lysine residues off of fibrin so no fibrinolysis occurs
52
Physiological Anticoagulants
- Thrombomodulin - APC - Antithrombin - TFPI
53
Thrombomodulin Mech
Thrombin forms complex with Thrombomodulin & APC = Irreversible inactivation of Va & VIIIa (Int/Ext. tenase complex inh.)
54
Antithrombin Mech
Antithrombin produced by liver directly inactivates Thrombin - Heparan sulfate found on endothelial surface can accelerate antithrombin activity
55
What activates TFPI as a Negative feedback?
FXa TFPI inactivates VIIa / Tissue factor complex
56
What can be used in Vitro anticoagulants to reduce Ca2+
- EDTA - Na-Citrate - Na-Oxalate
57
Sympathetic Effect on Hemostasis
- a2-R (Gi) on platelet surface - cAMP drops - Inhibits the inhibitor (cAMP makes platelets rest)

Physiology 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions