Week 9

Question 1

What controls Skeletal muscle Blood flow?

Answer 1

• SYM innervation
• Local metabolites

Question 2

What control dominates at Rest in Skeletal muscle flow?

Answer 2

SYM inneravtion
- a1: NE, Vasoconstriction (dominant)
- B2: E, Vasodilation (fight-flight)

Question 3

What control dominates during Exercise in Skeletal muscle flow?

Answer 3

Local Metabolites

Question 4

Functional Hyperemia

Answer 4

Increase in tissue perfusion due to presence of Metabolites

Question 5

Reactive Hyperemia

Answer 5

Increase in tissue perfusion following short period of Ischemia

Question 6

Skeletal Blood flow REST

Answer 6

1L / min
(20% of CO)

Question 7

Skeletal Blood flow EXERSISE

Answer 7

20 - 30L / min

Question 8

Skeletal Blood flow AVDO2
(rest & exercise)

Answer 8

• Rest: 60ml / L
• Exercise: 150ml / L

Question 9

Splanchnic Circulation Flow rate (Qs)

Answer 9

1500ml / min

Question 10

Which local metabolites trigger vasodilation in skeletal muscle during exercise?

Answer 10

Decreased pO2, increased pCO2, increased lactate (decreased pH), increased K+, and increased adenosine (from ATP metabolism).

Question 11

2 main functions of splanchnic circulation?

Answer 11

• Site of adjustable resistance
• Major reservoir of blood

Question 12

How do local hormones like CCK and Neurotensin affect splanchnic blood flow?

Answer 12

Increase local blood flow.
(especially after meals, to support digestion and nutrient absorption)

Question 13

What is postprandial circulation in the splanchnic system?

Answer 13

Increase in blood flow to the GI tract (after a meal) to support metabolic needs and nutrient absorption
(7-8x increase)

Question 14

What controls Blood flow in coronary circulation? (+ most importrant)

Answer 14

Local Metabolites
MOST IMPORTANTLY Adenosine & Hypoxia

Question 15

Coronary Blood flow (Qc)

Answer 15

• Resting: 200 - 250ml / min
  (5% of CO 5.6L/min)
• Exercise: 1250ml / min

Question 16

Coronary AVDO2

Answer 16

• Resting: 120 - 130ml / L
• Exercise: 900 - 1200ml / L

Question 17

O2 consumption of Heart

Answer 17

30ml /min

Question 18

When does most Coronary circulation take place?

Answer 18

Diastole
80% of Coronary circulation

Question 19

Myogenic Mechanism

Answer 19

• Increased pressure, Vasoconstriction, less perfusion
• Decreased pressure, Vasodilation, more perfusion

Question 20

What controls Blood flow in Brain circulation? (+ most importrant)

Answer 20

Local Metabolites
CO2 & H+ by central chemoceptors

Question 21

Cerebral Circulation Blood flow (QB)

Answer 21

750 - 800ml / min
(15% of CO)

Question 22

Cerebral Circulation AVDO2

Answer 22

60ml / L

Question 23

What volumes are always constant in the Skull?

Answer 23

• Brain Tissue Volume
• Blood Volume
• CSF Volume

Question 24

What Glut transporter is in the brain?

Answer 24

GLUT-1

Question 25

CSF Volume

Answer 25

150 ml

Question 26

CSF Production in a day

Answer 26

550ml / day

Question 27

CSF compared to Blood

Answer 27

- Lower K+ - Lower Protein Content - Lower pH

Question 28

CSF Pressure

Answer 28

100 mmH2O

Question 29

How much O2 provided by lungs

Answer 29

240 - 280 ml / min

Question 30

How much CO2 eliminated by lungs

Answer 30

190 - 220 ml / min

Question 31

ACE1

Answer 31

Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II VASOCONSTRICTION

Question 32

ACE2

Answer 32

Converts Angiotensin II to Angiotensin (1-7) VASODILATION

Question 33

Dichotomous division of Lungs

Answer 33

20 - 23 divisions (2^20-23)

Question 34

First division of Lungs

Answer 34

1 - 17 No gas exchange (Conducting/Dead zone)

Question 35

Second division of Lungs

Answer 35

17 - 23 Gas exchange (Respiratory/Alveolar space)

Question 36

How many alveoli? (area)

Answer 36

300 million 70 - 90 m2

Question 37

Type I Pneumocytes

Answer 37

Surface (Gas exchange)

Question 38

Type II Pneumocytes

Answer 38

Surfactant

Question 39

What does Vital capacity consist of?

Answer 39

- IRV - TV - ERV

Question 40

What makes up Total Lung capacity

Answer 40

- Vital Capacity (IRV, ERV, TV) - RV

Question 41

What makes up Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Answer 41

- ERV - RV

Question 42

Tidal Volume (ml)

Answer 42

500 ml

Question 43

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)

Answer 43

8L / sec

Question 44

Intrapleural Pressure

Answer 44

REST -2 cm H2O INH -5 cm H2O