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Physiology 1 > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Normal BPM

A

60 - 100 Beats / min

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2
Q

Cardiac output (L)

A

5 - 6L / Min (10,000 / day)

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3
Q

How many heart contractions a day?

A

100,000

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4
Q

Mean arterial pressure

A

90 - 95 mmHg

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5
Q

What conducts faster AV or SA node?

A

SA node

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6
Q

What is an intrinsic pacemaker frequency? (IPF)

A

Frequency if we remove all external effects
(hormones, autonomic inn.)

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7
Q

IPF of SA node

A

100 / min

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8
Q

IPF of Cardiomyocytes

A

No
No spontaneous excitation, they need AP from nodes

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9
Q

IPF of AV node & Bundle of His

A

40 - 60 / min

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10
Q

IPF of Bundle branches & Purkinje fibers

A

20 - 40 / min

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11
Q

Funny Current (If) Channel & Ions & Function

A

HCN4 (HCN1) V.G Channel
Na+
Pacemaker potential
(Gradual depol.) < -50 mV

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12
Q

What blocks the Funny Current (If)

A

Ivabradine

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13
Q

Ca T Current Channel & Ions & Function

A

T type VDCC
Ca2+ & Na+
Initial depol. -55 mV

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14
Q

What blocks the Ca, T Current?

A

Verapamil

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15
Q

Ca L Current Channel & Ions & Function

A

L type VDCC
Ca2+
Depol. -25 mV

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16
Q

K Current Channel & Ions & Function

A

Several Voltage Gated Types
K+
Repol.

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17
Q

K, ACh Current Channel & Ions & Function

A

GIRK 1 / GIRK 4 Channels
K+
Hyperpol.

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18
Q

Minimum diastolic potential of SA node

A

-65 mV

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19
Q

What is the Na+ influx from funny current called

A

Prepotential
(Gradual depol. towards threshold)

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20
Q

Chronotropic effect of Sympathetic

A

Positive chronotropic effect
(Increased heart rate)

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21
Q

Chronotropic effect of Parasympathetic

A

Negative chronotropic effect
(Decreased heart rate)

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22
Q

Which vagus nerve goes to SA & AV nodes

A

SA = Right Vagus
AV = Left Vagus

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23
Q

Does the Vagus n. innervate both atria and ventricles?

Study These Flashcards
A

No, only the atria.
Ventricles not inn. by Vagus in Humans

24
Q

Sympathetic system signal and receptor in Heart

Study These Flashcards
A

Norepinephrine
B1 Receptor
(inc. CAMP)

25
Parasympathetic system signal and receptor in Heart
Acetylcholine M2 muscarinic receptor (dec. CAMP)
26
What blocks the Parasympathetic system?
Atropine
27
What blocks the Sympathetic system?
Propranolol
28
What activates the HCN channel?
Hyperpolarization (S4 sensor) CAMP direct binding
29
What happens if the pacemaker activity of the SA node fails?
Other cells containing HCN channels take over the excitatory activity
30
What does Lidocaine inhibit?
V.G Na+ Channel
31
Where does most Ca2+ signaling to myocytes come from?
Ca2+ from E.C comes into cell, which allows for main Ca2+ signal from I.C stores in SR to be released
32
What inhibits L type VDCC?
Nifedipine (DHP) Diltiazem
33
Importance of K+ channels in Heart
Provides a protective mechanism in case of Hypoxia by reducing O2 consumption
34
What part of conduction system of Heart has fastest conduction?
Purkinje Fibers
35
What causes delay bw Atrial and Ventricular contraction?
The slower conduction in the AV node
36
Systole duration
0.27s
37
Diastole duration
0.53s
38
EDV of Ventricle
140 ml (end diastolic volume)
39
ESV of Ventricle
60 ml (end systolic volume)
40
First heart sound
AV valve closing
41
Second heart sound
Aortic valve closing
42
Pressure in Aorta (Stystolic & Diastolic)
Systolic= 120 mmHg Diastolic= 80 mmHg
43
Stroke Volume (SV)
EDV - ESV
44
Ejection fraction Calculation & Normal range
EF = SV / EDV 0.5 < SV < 0.75
45
How long is Skeletal muscle AP
2 - 4 ms
46
How long is Cardiac muscle AP
200 ms
47
What terminates Ca signal in Skeletal Muscle?
SERCA uptake to SR store
48
What terminates Ca in Cardiac Muscle?
SERCA (phospholamban) - 70% 3Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger - 28% (PMCA - 2%)
49
What are Cardiac Glycosides used for? Helps by?
Heart weakness Causes a positive inotropic effect by inhibiting Na/K ATPase
50
What is Positive Inotropic effect?
The increase of force of contraction
51
How do Cardiac Glycosides work?
1) Inhibits NA/K ATPase 2) Na buildup in cell 3) Slow down of Ca/Na pump 4) Higher I.C Ca 5) More Ca release at AP, so stronger signal, Stronger contraction
52
What is muscle fiber Triad made up of?
1 Transverse Tubule 2 Terminal Cisternae of Longitudinal Tubules
53
What is Troponin Complex made up of?
TnT (tropomyosin) TnC (Ca2+) TnI (inhibition
54
Electromechanical Delay
Delay bw electrical signal (A.P) and muscle contraction 30 - 100 ms
55
Skeletal Muscle Fiber types
Type1 = Slow Oxidative (Red) Type2-a = Fast Oxidative (Red) Type2-b = Fast Glycolytic (White)
56
What links contracting elements to Extracellular Matrix
Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex
57
Pressure in atria/ventricle during atrial contraction
From 4 to 8 mmHg

Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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