Week 1

Question 1

Na+ E.C

Answer 1

135 - 147 mM

Question 2

K+ E.C

Answer 2

3.5 - 5.0 mM

Question 3

Ca2+ E.C (Total, Blood plasma)

Answer 3

2.1 - 2.8 mM

Question 4

Ca2+ E.C (Free)

Answer 4

1.1 - 1.4 mM

Question 5

Cl- E.C

Answer 5

95 - 105 mM

Question 6

HCO3- E.C

Answer 6

22 - 28 mM

Question 7

Osmolarity E.C

Answer 7

290 mOsm

Question 8

pH

Answer 8

7.38 - 7.42

Question 9

How do we monitor deviations from set point of K+ E.C conc.?

Answer 9

Glomerulosa cells of Adrenal Glands

Question 10

Elevated E.C K+, how to decrease?

Answer 10

Aldosteron

Question 11

What Phospholipid is used for Signal transduction?

Answer 11

Phosphatidylinositol

Question 12

Outer Phospholipids

Answer 12

Phosphatidylcholine
Sphingomyelin

Question 13

Inner Phospholipids

Answer 13

Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylethanolamin

Question 14

What Glycolipid is used as a protein anchor?

Answer 14

(GPI) Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

Question 15

Types of Plasma membrane Proteins

Answer 15

Integral Mem. P
Lipid-Anchored P
Peripheral P

Question 16

Integral proteins examples

Answer 16

Transmembrane Proteins

Question 17

Lipid-Anchored proteins examples

Answer 17

GPI-bound Proteins
Lipid modification (Palmitoilation)

Question 18

Total Body Water

Answer 18

0.6 x body weight
42L (70Kg)

Question 19

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 19

0.2 x Body weight
14L (70Kg)

Question 20

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 20

0.4 x body weight
28L (70Kg)

Question 21

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 21

3/4 of Extracellular Fluid
10.5L (70Kg)

Question 22

Plasma

Answer 22

1/4 of Extracellular Fluid
3.5L (70Kg)

Question 23

Na+ I.C

Answer 23

10 - 15 mM

Question 24

K+ I.C

Answer 24

120 - 150 mM

Question 25

Ca2+ I.C

Answer 25

100 nM (free)

Question 26

Cl- I.C

Answer 26

20 - 30 mM

Question 27

HCO3- I.C

Answer 27

12 - 16 mM

Question 28

Osmolarity I.C

Answer 28

290 mOsm

Question 29

pH I.C

Answer 29

7.2

Question 30

Fick's First Law of Diffusion

Answer 30

J = ( D A / X ) * C Rate = (d.coeff * area/distance) * Conc. difference

Question 31

Measurement of Total Fluid Compartment

Answer 31

Deuterium

Question 32

Measurement of Extracellular Fluid

Answer 32

Inulin

Question 33

Measurement of Blood Plasma

Answer 33

Evans-blue (protein-bound dye) Protein

Question 34

Properties of Carriers (Enzymes)

Answer 34

Passive / Active Slow Saturation

Question 35

Properties of Channels (Gates)

Answer 35

Passive Fast Can NOT be saturated

Question 36

GLUT-1

Answer 36

Blood

Question 37

GLUT-2

Answer 37

Liver Pancrease (B-Cells) Small intestine

Question 38

GLUT-3

Answer 38

Brain / Neurons Sperm

Question 39

GLUT-4

Answer 39

Skeletal Muscle Adipose tissue Cardiac Muscle

Question 40

Which cells are the Glucose sensitive cells?

Answer 40

B-Cells

Question 41

Van't Hoff's Law on Osmotic Pressure

Answer 41

pi = RTnc osm.p = 8.31 * temp * n * conc.

Question 42

Negative Feedback

Answer 42

Homeostasis

Question 43

Positive feedback

Answer 43

Increased activation Ovulation Gating of ion channel

Question 44

Servo-Control reg

Answer 44

Fever Exercise (Set point has been changed)

Question 45

Feed-forward control

Answer 45

Thermoreg Osmoreg