Blood Administration

Question 1

What is blood tested for after donation?

Answer 1

• HIV type 1 & 2
• Hepatitis B & C
• Human T-cell lymphotropic virus
• Syphilis
• CMV

Question 2

s/s of anemia

Answer 2

• SOB
• tachycardia
• low BP
• dizziness
• decreased O2 sat

Question 3

What form of blood is usually ordered for anemic patients?

Answer 3

packed red blood cells (PRBCs)

Question 4

What are packed red blood cells?

Answer 4

a concentrated preparation of RBCs that is obtained from whole blood by removing the plasma

Question 5

What should be asked about in a pretransfustion assessment?

Answer 5

• History of transfusion reactions?
  If yes:
• type of reaction
• manifestations
• interventions required
• preventative interventions for transfusions

informed consent needed before a transfusion

Question 6

What is a crossmatch?

Answer 6

tests pts blood against the donor blood

Question 7

Blood Administration Procedure steps

Answer 7

• verify orders
• verify signed consent
• check type and crossmatch
• obtain baseline vitals
• send for the blood
• admin blood within 30 minutes of removal from blood bank

Question 8

How should blood be administered?

Answer 8

through a large bore IV (22, 20, 18 gauge)

Question 9

What is different about tubing for a blood transfusion?

Answer 9

it contains a filter

Question 10

What is the standard rate of blood administration?

Answer 10

2-4 units/hour

Question 11

When should the first assessment be completed by the nurse?

Answer 11

at 15 minutes in

Question 12

common s/s of transfusion reactions

Answer 12

• SOB
• restlessness
• hives
• N/V
• torso/back pain
• flushing
• hematuria
• fever or chills

Question 13

What is the first intervention if a transfusion reaction occurs?

Answer 13

STOP THE INFUSION

Question 14

What is the maximum amount of time blood can hang?

Answer 14

4 hours

Question 15

What are the 4 types of transfusion reactions?

Answer 15

• hemolytic
• febrile nonhemolytic
• allergic
• hypervolemia/circulatory overload

Question 16

s/s of hemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 16

• rapid hemolysis
• occurs within first 50cc of infusion
• fever
• chills
• low back pain
• nausea
• dyspnea
• anxiety
• chest tightness
• HOTN
• bronchospasm
• circulatory collapse
• death

Question 17

What is the most dangerous transfusion reaction?

Answer 17

hemolytic

Question 18

s/s of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 18

• chills
• fever

Question 19

What causes febrile nonhemolytic reactions?

Answer 19

antibodies to donor leukocytes that remain in the blood component

Question 20

What is the most common type of transfusion reaction?

Answer 20

febrile nonhemolytic reaction

Question 21

What can be done to prevent febrile nonhemolytic reactions?

Answer 21

using leukocyte reducing filters during transfusion

Question 22

What is the most common treatment for a febrile nonhemolytic reaction?

Answer 22

tylenol

Question 23

s/s of hypervolemia/circulatory overload

Answer 23

• dec. breath sounds, crackles
• SOB
• orthopnea
• tachycardia
• sudden anxiety

Question 24

What is the common treatment for hypervolemic/circulatory overload?

Answer 24

• diuretic and O2 admin