Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 3313 > Peripheral Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood?

A

to body tissues through systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What degree of ABI indicates arterial disease?

A

< 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True claudication will show what in exercise testing?

A

A drop in ankle pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does reduced ejection fraction HF cause?

A

accumulation of blood in the lungs, reduced CO, and inadequate arterial blood flow to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the procedural risks of an angiography?

A

acute arterial occlusion, bleeding, contrast nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lymph nodes are enlarged, tender, and red

A

acute lymphadenitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of emboli that can be impacted

A

air, fat, amniotic fluid, and septic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

localized sac or dilation formed at a weak point in the wall of the artery

A

aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

involves injecting radiopaque contrast agent directly into arterial system to visualize the vessels; confirms obstruction or aneurysm

A

angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the different endovascular therapies?

A

angioplasty, atherectomy, stent/stent graft placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

balloon-tipped catheter maneuvered over area of stenosis to improve blood flow by overstretching vessel or “cracking” and flattening plaque

A

angioplasty/percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of Peripheral Arterial Disease

A

aneurysms, aortic dissection, embolism and thrombosis, and Raynaud’s Phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sudden onset of symptoms
severe and persistant chest pain; can extend into shoulder, epigastric region, or abdomen
MAY BE MISTAKEN FOR AN MI
pale, diaphoresis, tachychardia

A

aortic dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can vasodilation be promoted?

A

applying warmth, avoiding cold, avoiding smoking, reducing stress, wearing unrestrictive clothes, avoiding crossing legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hardening of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

antiplatelet agent; prevents formation of thromboemboli; treatment for symptomatic patients; reduces risk of cardiac events; contraindicated in pts with GI problems

A

Aspirin or Clopidogrel (Plavix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nursing management of DVTs

A

asses/monitor anticoagulant therapy, monitor/manage potential complications, pain management, position body and encourage exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the nursing actions for a MRA

A

assess for presence of incompatible devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When do patients often report rest pain being worst?

A

at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

reduces the plaque buildup using a cutting device or laser

A

atherectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

accumulation of lipids, calcium, etc. on the artery; “plaques”

A

atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most common cause of an AAA?

A

atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can cause arterial alterations in blood vessels?

A

atherosclerotic plaque, thromboembolus, infection or inflammatory processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How can one maintain tissue integrity?

A

avoid trauma to area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lab studies for DVT diagnosis

A

baseline CBC, prothombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ration (INR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the most common site for formation of an aortic aneurysm?

A

below the renal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

BP control meds for a thoracic aortic aneurysm

A

beta-blockers, ARBs, hydralazine, and nitroprusside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

symptoms of Raynaud’s are always…

A

bilateral and symmetrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Aneurysm treatment and management varies on severity and other factors, but what are the possible options?

A

BP control
IV fluid and/or blood administration
surgical repair or endovascular repair
CSF drainage to increase spinal perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

femoral-popliteal the most common; greater or lesser saphenous vein or combination of one of saphenous veins and upper extremity vein such as cephalic vein are used to provide length

A

bypass grafting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What drug is effective in treating Raynaud’s? Why?

A

calcium-channel blockers because they are vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

occurs when microbe enters through broken skin and release their toxins in the SQ tissues

A

cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm patients can be asymptomatic, but what are common clinical manifestations that are seen when they are?

A

chest or upper back pain (often feels more severe when supine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

results from obstruction of the venous valves in the legs or a reflux of blood through the valves

A

chronic venous insufficiency/postthrombotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

vasodilator that inhibits platelet aggregation; treatment for claudication; contraindicated in pts with HF

A

cilostazol (Pletal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

fluid in a space that cannot be expanded

A

compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Types of compression therapy

A

compression stocking, external compression devices and bandages, intermittent pneumatic compression devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

cross-sectional images of soft tissues, bones, and blood vessels

A

Computed Tomography Study (CT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Characteristics of an AAA rupture

A

constant, intense back pain
falling BP
decreased hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

injection of radiopaque contrast agent into venous system

A

contrast phlebography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the point of managing BP in a patient with an aneurysm?

A

controlled BP reduces the risk of rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the physical signs of PAD upon inspection of the skin?

A

cool to touch, pale, pallor, rubor and cyanosis (depending on severity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

thrombus formation in the deep veins in the thigh, calf, and sometimes arms (mainly patients with PICC lines)

A

deep vein thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the purpose of anticoagulant therapy for DVTs?

A

delays clotting time, prevents thrombus formation in post-op patients, forestalls extension of thrombus after formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the most common cause of PEs?

A

dislodgement or fragemented DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the possible complications of stent placement?

A

distal embolization, dissection, and dislodgment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

BP control meds for an abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and calcium-channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are the nursing actions for Ankle-Brachial Index?

A

don’t use abnormally low blood pressures in assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

stents with antiplatelet meds on them

A

drug-eluting stents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Symptoms of varicose veins

A

dull aches, muscle cramps, increased muscle fatigue in lower legs, ankle edema, heaviness in legs, nocturnal cramps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

assess blood flow and locate disease (stenosis vs occlusion)

A

Duplex Ultrasonography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Two types of VTEs

A

DVT and PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What are the most common symptoms of PEs?

A

dyspnea, tachypnea, and chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

A

edema, altered pigmentation, pain, stasis edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the main concern of edematous tissues?

A

edematous tissues are more prone to breakdown and infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Ways to increase venous blood flow

A

elevating legs, avoiding prolonged sitting and standing in one position, avoiding cross legs, avoid constricting garments, use of graduated compression stocking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Virchow’s Triad is…

A

endothelial damage, hypercoagulation, and venous stasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

smaller and less invasive option to surgery

A

endovascular therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are the nursing actions for exercise testing?

A

ensure the patients that running is not required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

How often should pulses, color/temp, capillary refills, and sensory and motor functions be monitored in a post-op patient with PAD?

A

every 15 minutes initially and progressively longer if pt is stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

How often should small aneurysms be evaluated?

A

every 6 months

62
Q

How often should ABI be monitored in a post-op patient with PAD?

A

every 8 hours in the first 24 hours and then once a day until discharge

63
Q

patients walk for a max of 5 minutes to the point of claudication and ankle SBP are measured

A

Exercise Testing

64
Q

Lymphedema complications

A

flap necrosis, hematoma, abscess under flap, cellulitis

65
Q

aneurysm where the entire arterial segment becomes dilated

A

fusiform aneurysm

66
Q

What are possible complications of both an angioplasty and an atherectomy?

A

hematoma formation, embolus, dissection, acute arterial occlusion, and bleeding

67
Q

Pharmacologic treatment options of arterial embolism and thrombosis

A

heparin and t-PA

68
Q

increase in protein that promotes coagulation

A

hyperhomocystemia

69
Q

Stable PE priority management is…

A

immediate anticoagulation therapy

70
Q

What are the main focuses of nursing care for patients with PAD?

A

improving peripheral arterial circulation, promoting vasodilation, relieving pain, maintaining tissue integrity

71
Q

When can PAD lead to the formation of gangrene?

A

In extreme and prolonged cases of ischemia

72
Q

vessels stiffening causes:

A

increased peripheral resistance, impaired blood flow, and increased left ventricular workload

73
Q

What are the potential complications of leg ulcers?

A

infection and gangrene

74
Q

improves blood supply from aorta into femoral artery

A

inflow procedures

75
Q

muscular, cramp-type pain, or fatigue with any degree of activity and relieved at rest; seen in arterial insufficiency

A

intermittent claudication

76
Q

Clinical manifestations of arterial leg ulcers

A

intermittent claudication, foot pain at rest, ischemic pain unrelieved by opioids, small circular ulcerations on the tips of toes or on toe webbing

77
Q

Vessels failing to respond to increases blood flow needs causes this

A

ischemia

78
Q

Edema formation with PAD is usually caused by what?

A

Keeping the extremity in a dependent position for too long

79
Q

an excavation of the skin surface that occurs when inflamed necrotic tissue sloughs off

A

leg ulcers

80
Q

What is most usually affected by PAD?

A

legs

81
Q

Duplex Ultrasonography is the standard in diagnosing what?

A

lower extremity DVTs

82
Q

inflammation or infection of the lymph nodes

A

lymphadenitis

83
Q

inflammation or infection of the lymphatic channels

A

lymphangitis

84
Q

tissue swelling related to obstruction of lymphatic flow

A

lymphedema

85
Q

provides computer images of blood vessels

A

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

86
Q

Nursing management considerations for PEs

A

monitor thrombolytic therapy, pain management, manage oxygen therapy, relieve anxiety, monitor for complications, proved post-op care

87
Q

List the prevalence of AAAs

A

most common in white men over the age of 65

88
Q

What can help relieve rest pain? How does this work?

A

moving the extremity into a dependent position to improve perfusion to distal tissues

89
Q

What patient prep is required for Duplex Ultrasonography?

A

none except NPO for 6 hours prior if it’s an abdominal study

90
Q

What is an important thing to keep in mind when assessing a pt with an aneurysm?

A

nursing assessments should be focused on anticipation of rupture

91
Q

What are the requirements of “high risk” PAD pts?

A

older than 65, diabetes mellitus, nicotine use, people undergoing arterial interventions/surgery

92
Q

When is surgery of an AAA performed?

A

only when surgery to prevent the rupture outweighs the risk of all the possible complications of the surgery

93
Q

What is procedural treatment for renal impaired pts undergoing a CT scan?

A

oral or IV hydration for 6-12 before (or sodium bicarb administration)

94
Q

provides blood supply to vessels below femoral artery

A

outflow procedures

95
Q

Clinical manifestations of venous ulcers

A

pain described as aching or heavy, foot/ankle edema, ulcerations around the ankle, discoloration, ulcerations on the side of the foot

96
Q

What can pain tell us about PAD?

A

pain is usually in the muscle group distal to the occlusion

97
Q

Main signs/symptoms of arterial embolism and thrombosis

A

pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis, and poikilothermia

98
Q

clinical manifestations of DVT

A

pain, warmth, tenderness, edema of extremity

99
Q

Contraindications of compression stocking therapy

A

patients with PAD, severe cardiac insufficiency, allergy to compression material, severe diabetic neuropathy with sensory loss

100
Q

Intermittent claudification is a hallmark sign of…

A

peripheral arterial disease

101
Q

Leg ulcer management

A

pharmacologic therapy, compression therapy, cleansing/debridement, topical therapy, wound dressing, simulated healing, hyperbaric oxygen, negative pressure wound therapy

102
Q

How can peripheral arterial circulation be improved?

A

positioning affected body part below heart level
walking and isometric exercises
SET program for pts with claudication

103
Q

begins 24hrs post stent graft placement; spontaneously occurring fever, leukocytosis, transient thrombocytopenia

A

post implantation syndrome

104
Q

What is the primary objective of DVT management?

A

preventing the thrombus from extending and fragmenting

105
Q

congenital malformations leading to lymphedema

A

primary lymphedema

106
Q

varicose veins without involvement of deep veins

A

primary varicose veins

107
Q

Venous insufficiency management

A

protect extremities from trauma, report signs of ulceration ASAP, increase venous blood flow

108
Q

obstruction of pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombus that originates somewhere in the venous system or in the right side of the heart

A

pulmonary embolism (PE)

109
Q

Assessment of an AAA may reveal…

A

pulsatile mass in the middle/upper abd
systolic bruit heard over mass

110
Q

What are the nursing interventions in the case of compartment syndrome?

A

put the limb in a flat, neutral position at heart level

111
Q

How often should doppler assessments be performed on a patient post-endovascular repair of an aneurysm? Temperature?

A

q15mins initially; longer intervals when stable
q24h for temp

112
Q

no underlying disease causing Raynaud’s

A

Raynaud’s Disease (Primary/Idiopathic)

113
Q

Raynaud’s caused by an underlying disease

A

Raynaud’s syndrome (secondary Raynaud’s)

114
Q

What are the indications for endovascular managements of DVTs?

A

recurrent or extensive thrombi, high risk for PE, or anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated

115
Q

What is the goal of chronic venous insufficiency treatments?

A

reduce venous stasis and prevent ulceration

116
Q

persistent pain in the anterior portion of the foot during rest

A

rest pain

117
Q

Leg ulcer nursing interventions

A

restoring skin integrity, improving physical mobility, promoting adequate nutrition, promoting home and community-based care

118
Q

reddish/blue skin discoloration that occurs anywhere from 20 seconds - 2 minutes of the limb being in a dependent position

A

rubor

119
Q

aneurysm only on one side of the vessel

A

saccular aneurysm

120
Q

acquired obstruction leading to lymphedema

A

secondary lymphedema

121
Q

varicose veins resulting from obstruction of deep veins

A

secondary varicose veins

122
Q

Rest pain is indicative of what?

A

severe adrenal insufficiency and critical state of ischemia

123
Q

Pulses in patients with PAD are often…

A

severe and diminished

124
Q

List the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome.

A

severe edema, pain, decreased sensation of toes or fingers in affected extremity

125
Q

Many patients with an AAA are asymptomatic, but those that are present what clinical manifestations?

A

signs of HF or large bruit
abd pain localized in middle/lower abdomen to left of midline
cyanosis
mottling of toes

126
Q

DVT prophylaxis options

A

SQ heparin or lovenox

126
Q

DVT prophylaxis options

A

SQ heparin or lovenox

127
Q

Unstable PE priority management…

A

stabilizing cardiopulmonary system first priority, followed by lysing the embolus

128
Q

Clinical manifestations of venous insufficiency

A

stasis ulcers, discoloration of tissues (hemosiderin staining), skin dry and cracked, SQ tissue fribrose and atrophy

129
Q

What is the first-line therapy for atherosclerosis?

A

statins

130
Q

improves endothelial function and reduces severity of intermittent claudication, increases walking distance to the onset of claudication; decreased rates of repeat events reported

A

Statins

131
Q

reduces risk for restenosis, patients must take antiplatelet meds for 6 mo. post-op

A

stent/stent graft placement

132
Q

Assessment of a thoracic aortic aneurysm will often show…

A

superficial veins
edematous areas of chest wall
cyanosis
unequal pupils

133
Q

What is the sitting tolerance and ambulation precautions of patients post-endovascular repair of an aneurysm?

A

supine for 6 hours
HOB to 45-degrees after 2 hours
pts can roll side to side
ambulating to bathroom w/ assistance 6 hrs post-op

134
Q

lymph nodes have become necrotic and form an abscess

A

suppurative lymphadenitis

135
Q

What does preserved ejection fraction HF cause?

A

systemic venous congestion and reduced CO

136
Q

What does preserved ejection fraction HF cause?

A

systemic venous congestion and reduced CO

137
Q

What is the reason aging can cause peripheral vascular disorders?

A

the blood vessels start to stiffen

138
Q

70% of cases caused by atherosclerosis, most common in hypertensive men ages 50-70; most common site for a dissecting aneurysm

A

thoracic aortic aneurysm

139
Q

Endovascular management options for DVTs

A

thrombectomy or vena cava filter

140
Q

What can cause venous alterations in blood vessels?

A

thromboembolus obstructing vein, incompetent venous valves, or reduced effectiveness of surrounding muscles

141
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?

A

through the lungs to pulmonary circulation

142
Q

What can cause alterations in lymphatic vessels?

A

tumors, mechanical trauma, and inflammatory processes

143
Q

4 options of anticoagulant therapy for DVTs are…

A

unfractioned heparin, low-molecular weight heparins (lovenox), oral anticoagulants (coumadin), oral direct factor Xa inhibitors (apixaban)

144
Q

abnormally dilated, tortuous, superficial veins caused by incompetent venous valves

A

varicose veins

145
Q

transvenous placement of a grid or umbrella filter in the vena cava to block the passage of emboli, prevent PE

A

vena cava filter

146
Q

What is the most common cause of leg ulcers?

A

venous etiologies (PAD leading cause)

147
Q

Name the different venous disorders

A

venous thromboembolism (DVTs and PEs), chronic venous insufficiency (Posthromboemobolitic syndrome), leg ulcers, varicose veins

148
Q

What is the most serious complication of chronic venous insufficiency?

A

venous ulceration

149
Q

When should preprocedural treatments be done for CT scans?

A

when the patient is renal impaired

NURS 3313 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions