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NURS 3313 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is the formula for calculating MAP?

A

((2 x DBP) + SBP) / 3

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2
Q

How many servings per day of lean meats does the DASH diet recommend?

A

two or fewer

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3
Q

What is the proper criteria for diagnosing hypertension?

A

2 readings on 2 different occasions that are consistent with hypertension

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4
Q

How many servings of dairy per day does the DASH diet recommend?

A

2-3 servings

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5
Q

How much of an increase in BP doubles the risk of death from stroke or heart disease?

A

20 mmHg SBP or 10 mmHg DBP

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6
Q

How many servings per day of fruits does the DASH diet recommend?

A

4-5 servings

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7
Q

How many servings of vegetables does the DASH diet recommend per day?

A

4-5 servings

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8
Q

How many daily servings of whole grains does the DASH diet recommend?

A

7-8 servings

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9
Q

average range for MAP

A

70-100 mmHg

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10
Q

What BP is the exception to the 2 occasions diagnosis rule?

A

> 160/100 in two readings on one occasion

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11
Q

When are women at highest risk for hypertension?

A

after reaching 65 years of age

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12
Q

What are the most accurate methods of BP measurement?

A

ambulatory and home BPM

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13
Q

assess daytime and nighttime BP during routine daily activities over a 24-hour period

A

ambulatory BPM

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14
Q

What should be used to collect a BP measurement if possible?

A

an electronic BP machine

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15
Q

What is the criteria for pts with Stg 1 HTN to receive meds?

A

based upon risk for cardiac events

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16
Q

When are men at the highest risk for hypertension?

A

before the age of 64

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17
Q

Symptoms of HTN effecting the heart

A

CAD with angina and MI leading to left ventricular hypertrophy

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18
Q

the amount of blood pumped out in 1 minute

A

cardiac output

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19
Q

What is blood pressure determined by?

A

cardiac output x peripheral resistance

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20
Q

Uncontrolled BP can lead to what problems?

A

CVD, stroke, or CKD

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21
Q

most effective diet in lowering BP; focuses on whole grains, vegetables, fruit, lean protein, and low fat diary

A

DASH diet

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22
Q

arterial pressure when the heart relaxes and fills with blood

A

diastolic blood pressure

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23
Q

120-129 SBP and <80 DBP

A

elevated blood pressure

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24
Q

How often should BP be checked during a hypertensive crisis?

A

every 15-20 minutes

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25
What adverse affects should be monitored for in older adults taking anti-hypertensive medications?
falls, orthostatic hypotension, and reduced renal function
26
thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and calcium-channel blockers
First-Line Agents
27
A patient presents with elevated BP, but no history. What should they be told to do next?
follow up in 3-6 months and make appropriate lifestyle changes
28
A patients presents with no history of HTN and their BP measurement comes back WNL. What should they be told to do next?
follow up in one year
29
A patient presents with a BP classified as stage 1. What should they be told is the next step?
follow up with additional BP readings in one month to confirm or rule out HTN; should also be screened for an increased risk of a cardiac event
30
assesses BP at specific times during the day and night when patient is seated and relaxed
home BPM
31
>/=180 SBP or >/=120 DBP
Hypertensive Crisis
32
BP elevated > 180/120 with new or worsening target organ damage
hypertensive emergency
33
What are common signs of target organ damage in a hypertensive emergency?
hypertensive encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, MI, HF with pulmonary edema, dissecting aortic aneurysm, renal failure
34
BP elevated > 180/120 with no evidence of target organ damage
hypertensive urgency
35
Symptoms of HTN effecting the brain
inc. cerebrovascular pressure leading to TIA, stroke
36
Signs of HTN effecting the kidneys
increased BUN/creatinine, urinary changes, electrolyte imbalances
37
What is the medication of choice in treating a hypertensive emergency?
IV antihypertensives with immediate onsets (i.e., nicardipine, labetalol, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside)
38
What is the benefit of pharmacolgical therapy for HTN?
lowers the risk of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, and death
39
Why is HTN called the "silent killer"?
many patients are asymptomatic
40
elevated BP consistent with hypertension in setting outside of health care and within normal range in a health care setting
masked hypertension
41
average pressure within the artery during one full cardiac cycle
mean arterial pressure
42
Why is nicotine such a big risk factor for hypertension?
Nicotine exacerbates complications due to vasoconstriction
43
A patient presents with BP >160/100. What should they be told is the next step?
no additional follow up needed, immediately start antihypertensive medications
44
What is the criteria for pts with Stg 2 HTN to receive meds?
no criteria, prescribed upon diagnosis
45
What is the main cause of hypertensive urgency?
non-adherence of antihypertensive therapy
46
<120 SBP and <80 DBP
normal blood pressure
47
Hypertension is most prevalent in which age group?
Older adults greater than 75 years old
48
elevated blood pressure due to an unknown cause
Primary (Essential) Hypertension
49
the recurrence of hypertension after abruptly stopping anti-hypertensive medications
rebound hypertension
50
What is the main goal in treating a hypertensive emergency?
reduce SBP by 25% in the first hour, reduce to 160/100 in the next 2-6 hours, and have a normal and controlled BP within 24-48 hours
51
How should a patient's arm be when collecting a BP measurement?
relaxed and at the heart level
52
when a patient has a controlled BP, but 4 medications are needed to maintain it
resistant hypertension
53
Symptoms of HTN effecting the eyes
retinal changes: hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, papillaedema, and exudates
54
elevated blood pressure caused by an underlying issue
Secondary Hypertension
55
What is the major issue that should be looked for during the neuro assessment in a patient with HTN?
signs and symptoms of a stroke
56
130-139 SBP or 80-89 DBP
Stage 1 Hypertension
57
140-159 SBP or 90-99 DBP
Stage 2 Hypertension
58
arterial pressure when the heart contracts
systolic blood pressure
59
If patients ARE symptomatic, what is this indicative of?
target organ damage
60
What is the major concern for patients with masked HTN?
These patients are at higher risk for CVD, stroke, and CKD
61
What is the major concern for patients with white coat HTN?
These patients can possibly receive treatments that aren't warranted
62
An African-American patient presents to the ED with HTN. No hx of HF or CKD. What medication should they be prescribed?
thiazide diuretic or calcium-channel blocker
63
BP reading suggestive of hypertension in health settings and WNL outside of health care settings
white coat hypertension

NURS 3313 (8 decks)

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