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A&P > Blood and Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Blood and Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Metallic, salty taste ,with 7.35-7.45 ph

A

Blood

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2
Q

Venous blood is slightly darker due to

A

Low oxygen content

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3
Q

What are 4 components of blood:

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets & Plasma

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4
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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5
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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6
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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7
Q

What are the different types of Leukocytes?

A

Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophil, Basophil, Neutrophil

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8
Q

Conclaves shaped, increased surface area to carry oxygen

A

Erythrocytes

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9
Q

The ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume is the

A

Hematocrit

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10
Q

Makes up 55% of blood volume

A

Plasma

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11
Q

The most abundant plasma protein

A

Albumin

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12
Q

Responsible for blood clotting

A

Platelets

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13
Q

Red blood cells carry

A

Oxygen and CO2

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14
Q

The most numerous cells

A

Red blood cells

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15
Q

The largest blood cells

A

White blood cells

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16
Q

Live 100-120 days

A

Erythrocytes

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17
Q

Iron bearing protein that carries oxygen and gives blood it’s red color

A

Hemoglobin

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18
Q

Defend the body against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumor cells

A

Leukocytes

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19
Q

A collection of dead leukocytes at the site of an infection.

A

Pus

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20
Q

Cell fragments that are necessary for blood clotting process

A

Platelets

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21
Q

A blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow; mostly in the vertebrae and pelvis

A

Hematpoiesis

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22
Q

Stem cells that develop into blood cells

A

Hemocytoblast

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23
Q

What are the three stages of hemostasis?

A

1.Vascular spasms, 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Coagulation events

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24
Q

A complex series of reactions that eventually covert a soluble protein called fibrinogen into a insoluble fiber called fibrin.

A

Coagulation

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25
Q

Most common blood type

A

Type O

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26
Q

Least common blood type

A

AB

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27
Q

Universal blood receiver

A

AB+

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28
Q

Universal blood donor

A

O-

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29
Q

3 main components of the cardiovascular system:

A

Heart, Blood vessels, Blood

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30
Q

Heart pumps blood through

A

Vessels

31
Q

Superior end of the heart that points towards the right shoulder

A

Base

32
Q

Inferior end of the heart that points toward the left hip and rest on the diaphragm

A

Apex

33
Q

Serous membrane that surrounded by the heart

A

Pericardium or pericardial sac

34
Q

3 layers of heart of the heart wall

A

Epicardium or Visceral pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

35
Q

Two upper chambers that receive blood

A

Atria

36
Q

Two lower chambers that discharge blood

A

Ventricles

37
Q

Septum located between the ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

38
Q

The atrioventricular valves include

A

Right AV ( Tricupsid ) and Left AV (Semilunar)

39
Q

Systemic pump is on which side of the heart?

A

Left

40
Q

The Pulmonary circuit is on which side?

A

Right

41
Q

The right side of the heart:

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs to pick up O2.

42
Q

The left side of the heart:

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body to reliever O2

43
Q

Heart activity is regulated by:

A

The nervous system and intrinsic conduction system

44
Q

Also called the SA nose and pacemaker

A

Sinoatrial node

45
Q

Means contraction

A

Systole

46
Q

Means relaxation

A

Diastole

47
Q

3 type of electrocardiograph waves produced

A

P, QRS, T

48
Q

What may indicate heart problems?

A

Abnormal shapes of the waves and irregular timing

49
Q

Average heart rate is

A

70bpm

50
Q

The amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart (each ventricle) in one minute

A

Cardiac output

51
Q

3 layers of artery wall

A

Tunica extension, tunica media, tunica intima

52
Q

Larger veins have___ to prevent back flow

A

Valves

53
Q

Connect arteries and venues

A

Capillaries

54
Q

A compete circle of connecting blood vessels

A

Circle of Willis

55
Q

Blood from the digestive system, spleen, and pancreas is carried to the liver by the

A

Hepatic Portal vein

56
Q

3 main causes of high blood pressure

A

Smoking , obesity, lack of exercise

57
Q

Pressure of blood pushing against the inner walls of blood vessels

A

Blood pressure

58
Q

The movement of fluids at capillaries are determined by

A

Blood pressure and osmosis

59
Q

Common congenital heart defects

A

Patent foramen ovale, coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus, tetralogy of fallot

60
Q

Effects of aging on the cardiovascular system

A

Venous valves weaken, atherosclerosis progresses and can lead to stroke or heart attach, loss of elasticity in vessels, heart valves stiffen

61
Q

Aggregation or affiliation of blood due to transfusing incompatible blood leads to ?

A

Clogging of small blood vessels and destruction of erythrocytes

62
Q

Visceral

A

Touches heart directly

63
Q

Parietal

A

Anchors heart

64
Q

Fights off bacteria, viruses and fungi

A

Monocyte

65
Q

Targets large parasites and regulated allergic inflammatory response

A

Eosinophils

66
Q

Targets bacteria and fungi

A

Neutrophil

67
Q

Releases histamines for inflammatory response

A

Basophil

68
Q

Make antibodies attack viruses and cancer cells

A

Lymphocyte

69
Q

What are three functions of blood?

A

Transportation, Protection and Regulation

70
Q

Stem cell that can develop into all types of blood cells

A

Hematopoietic stem cell

71
Q

The procedure for removing plasma and returning formed elements to the donor

A

Plasmapheresis

72
Q

Blood donated by and individual for use by the same individual

A

Autologous

73
Q

These blood antigens are lacking in individual with O- positive blood

A

AB antigens

74
Q

The blood antigen involved in hemolytic disease of the newborn , which results from a incompatibility between a mother and fetus

A

Rh factor

A&P (10 decks)

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