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A&P > Chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

The system that processes sensory information.

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

The system that delivers nutrients to the body.

A

Cardiovascular

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3
Q

The system that breaks down and absorbs food.

A

Digestive system

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4
Q

The system that includes fingernails

A

Integumentary system

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5
Q

The system that includes the bladder

A

Urinary system

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6
Q

The system that includes the joints

A

Skeletal system

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7
Q

The system that delivers oxygen to the blood.

A

Respiratory system

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8
Q

The system that includes the tonsils

A

Lymphatic system

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9
Q

The maintenance of a consistent internal body state is known as:

A

Homeostasis

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10
Q

Different body parameters such as body temperature and blood glucose concentration are kept constant using:

A

Negative feedback

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11
Q

Measures the level of regulated variable

A

Sensor

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12
Q

In negative feedback process____Compares the input from component

A

Control center

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13
Q

I’m negative feedback the control center sends signals to a(n) ______.

A

Effector

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14
Q

In the control of blood glucose the ______ fulfills the roles of sensor and control center.

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

In the control of blood glucose the effector is

A

Body cells

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16
Q

In the control of blood glucose the signal that passes from the control center to the effector is

A

Insulin

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17
Q

Extracellular fluid includes ;

A

Lymph and blood, fluid between cells

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18
Q

Intercellular fluid includes:

A

Fluid inside cells

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19
Q

A term that indicates a location toward the front .

A

Anterior

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20
Q

A term that means farther from the origin of a part .

A

Distal

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21
Q

A directional term that means away from the midline (towards the side).

A

Lateral

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22
Q

A term that describes the position of the ankle in relation to the toes.

A

Proximal

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23
Q

A term that describes the position of the shoulder blades in relation to the collar bones:

A

Medial

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24
Q

A term describing one of four abdominal regions

A

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

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25
Q

A term describing a body cavity

A

Spinal cavity

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26
Q

A term describing one of nine abdominal regions

A

Epigastric

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27
Q

A directional term:

A

Superior

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28
Q

A positively charged particle inside the atomic nucleus.

A

Proton

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29
Q

The smallest complete unit of matter

A

Atom

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30
Q

An uncharged particle inside the atomic nucleus:

A

Neutron

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31
Q

A substance composed of one type of atom .

A

Element

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32
Q

The part of the atom containing protons and neutrons:

A

Nucleus

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33
Q

A negatively charged particle outside the atomic nucleus :

A

Electron

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34
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Anions

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35
Q

A bond formed by the equal sharing of electrons between two atoms

A

Nonpolar covalent

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36
Q

Compounds that form ions when in solution :

A

Electrolytes

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37
Q

Positively charged ions

A

Cations

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38
Q

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another :

A

Ionic

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39
Q

A bond formed by unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms:

A

Polar covalent

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40
Q

The substance in which another substance is dissolved

A

Solution

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41
Q

A substance that is dissolved in another substance

A

Solvent

42
Q

A mixture in which substances will settle out unless the mixture is shaken;

A

Suspension

43
Q

Termed used to describe solution mostly formed of water

A

Aqueous

44
Q

Cytosol and blood plasma are examples of this type of suspension

A

Colloid

45
Q

Any combination of two or more substances in which each constitute maintains its identity :

A

Mixture

46
Q

Any substance that can release a hydrogen ion is called a(n):

A

Acid

47
Q

Any substance that can accept a hydrogen ion is called a(n)

A

Base

48
Q

a reaction between a hydrogen-accepting substance and a hydrogen-releasing a substance produces a(n)

A

Salt

49
Q

Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

A

Ph

50
Q

A solution with a large concentration of hydrogen ions will have a(n)

A

High pH

51
Q

A solution with a large concentration of hydroxide ions will have a

A

Low pH

52
Q

A substance that helps maintain a stable hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is called a(n)

A

Buffer

53
Q

Building block always containing nitrogen.

A

Amino acid

54
Q

The nutrient formed by amino acids :

A

Protein

55
Q

A lipid containing a ring of carbon atoms ;

A

Steroid

56
Q

A lipid that contains phosphorus in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;

A

Phospholipid

57
Q

A category of organic compounds that includes simple sugars and starches;

A

Carbohydrate

58
Q

The element found in all organic compounds:

A

Carbon

59
Q

A building block for complex carbohydrates ;

A

Disaccharide

60
Q

Life-sustaining reactions that occur within the body.

A

Metabolism

61
Q

The reactions involved in _____assemble simple components into more complex ones.

A

Anabolism

62
Q

The reactions of ________break down substances into simpler components.

A

Catabolism

63
Q

A structure that assembles ribosomes;

A

Nucleolus

64
Q

A structure that assembles amino acids into proteins:

A

Ribosome

65
Q

A set of membranes involved in packaging proteins for export:

A

Golgi apparatus

66
Q

A small saclike structure used to transport substances within the cel

A

Cilia

67
Q

A membranous organelle that generated ATP;

A

Mitochondrion

68
Q

A small saclike structure that degrades waste products:

A

Lysosome

69
Q

The site of DNA storage:

A

Nucleus

70
Q
A

Filtration

71
Q

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane:

A

Osmosis

72
Q

The movement of solute down its concentration gradient:

A

Diffusion

73
Q

The process by which a cell takes in large particles:

A

Endocytosis

74
Q

The process by which materials are expelled from the cell using vesicles:

A

Exocytosis

75
Q

Small fluid droplets are brought into the cell using this method:

A

Pinocytosis

76
Q

The process by which one cell divided into two identical daughter cells:

A

Mitosis

77
Q

The nuclear membrane reforms during this phase:

A

Telophase

78
Q

A spindle begins to form and chromosomes condense during this phase:

A

Prophase

79
Q

The phase of mitosis when chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell:

A

Metaphase

80
Q

DNA synthesis occurs during this phase:

A

Interphase

81
Q

The chromosomes separate in this phase:

A

Anaphase

82
Q

The thigh muscle is voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

83
Q

Tissue that formed when cartilage gradually becomes impregnated with calcium salts :

A

Bone

84
Q

The thick , muscular layer of the heat wall:

A

Myocardium

85
Q

A type of tissue found in membrane and glands:

A

Epithelial tissue

86
Q

Also known as visceral muscle:

A

Smooth muscle

87
Q

A cell that Carrie’s nerve impulses is called (a)

A

Neuron

88
Q

A tissue in which cells are separated by large amounts of acellular material called a matrix:

A

Connective tissue

89
Q
A
  1. Skeletal muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Smooth muscle
90
Q

A gland that secretes into the blood :

A

Endocrine (EN)

91
Q

A gland that secretes through ducts:

A

Exocrine (EX)

92
Q

A gland that secretes onto body surface :

A

Exocrine (EX)

93
Q

Type of Endocrine gland:

A

Pituitary gland

94
Q

Type of Exocrine gland:

A

Salivary glands

95
Q

A cord of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone:

A

Tendon

96
Q

A tough membranous connective tissue that encloses an organ:

A

Capsule

97
Q

The cartilage found between the bones of the spine:

A

Fibrocartilage

98
Q

A fiber found in most connective tissues:

A

Collagen

99
Q

A cell that synthesizes cartilage:

A

Chondrocyte

100
Q

A strong gristly cartilage that reinforces the trachea:

A

Hyaline cartilage

A&P (10 decks)

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