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A&P > The Skeletal & Muscular System > Flashcards

The Skeletal & Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are five functions of bones?

A
  1. Form a sturdy framework, 2. Protect delicate structures such as the brain and spinal cord. 3. Work as levers with attached muscles to produce movement 4. Store calcium salts, which may be resorted into the blood if the calcium is needed. 5. Produce blood cells(in the red marrow).
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2
Q

The axial skeleton includes:

A

Head, torso

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3
Q

The appendicular skeleton includes:

A

Extremities

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4
Q

A cell that reabsorbs bone matrix( breakdown of bone tissue):

A

Osteoclast

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5
Q

A mature cell that is completely surrounded by hard bone tissue( maintain bone tissue)

A

Osteocytes

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6
Q

A cell that builds bone tissue “blast build”

A

Osteoblast

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7
Q

The shaft of a long bone:

A

Diaphysis

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8
Q

The tough connective tissues membrane that covers long bones:

A

Periosteum

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9
Q

The end of a long bone:

A

Epiphysis

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10
Q

The type of bone tissue found at the end of long bones (small bony plates)

A

Spongy bone

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11
Q

The thin membrane that lines the central cavity of long bones:

A

Endosteum

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12
Q

The hollow portion of a long bone containing yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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13
Q

The longitudinal canal in the middle of each osteon:

A

Central canal

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14
Q

What type of marrow is found in spongy bone and at the ends of long bones?

A

Red marrow

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15
Q

The region where two or more bones unite; a joint

A

Synarthrosis

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16
Q

A slightly moveable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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17
Q

A freely moveable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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18
Q

An immovable joint

A

Articulation

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19
Q

The material joining the bone of most synarthroses

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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20
Q

The material joining the bones of most amphiarthroses

A

Cartilage

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21
Q

The material between the bones of diarthroses

A

Synovial fluid

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22
Q

A movement that increase the angle between two bones( away from the anatomical postion)

A

Extension

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23
Q

Movement away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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24
Q

Motion around a central axis

A

Circumduction

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25
Q

A bending motion that decreases the angle between two pairs( toward the anatomical position)

A

Flexion

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26
Q

Movement towards the midline of the body

A

Adduction

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27
Q

The act of turning the palm up or forward

A

Supination

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28
Q

The act of pointing the toes downward

A

Plantar flexion

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29
Q

What are three functions of skeletal muscle?

A

1.Produces of movements at the joints 2.Contracts and relaxes. 3.Execute body movements

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30
Q

The protein that makes up muscle’s lighter, thin filaments

A

Actin

31
Q

The protein that interacts with actin to form cross-bridges

A

Tropomyosin

32
Q

The part of the muscle cell membrane that contain ACh receptors

A

Sarcoplasm

33
Q

The space between the neuron and the muscle cell

A

Synaptic cleft

34
Q

A single neuron and all of the muscles fibers it stimulates

A

Motor unit

35
Q

A protein that binds calcium during muscle contraction

A

Troponin

36
Q

The organelle that stores calcium in resting muscle cells

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

A contracting subunit of skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomere

38
Q

Acetylcholine is an example of this type of signal

A

Chemical

39
Q

Substance released into the synaptic cleft

A

Acetylcholine

40
Q

The immediate source of energy for muscle contraction

A

ATP

41
Q

Binds to troponin when muscles contracts

A

Calcium

42
Q

Used to detach the myosin head

A

ATP

43
Q

Pumped back into the ER when muscles relaxes

A

Calcium

44
Q

A compound similar to ATP can be used to generate ATP

A

Creative phosphate

45
Q

A polysaccharide that can be used to generate glucose

A

Glycogen

46
Q

A compound that stores oxygen within muscles cells

A

Myoglobin

47
Q

Muscle contraction in order:

A

Read in workbook page : 120

48
Q

A muscle acting as a helper to accomplish a particular movement

A

Synergist

49
Q

The muscle attachment joined to the new moveable part

A

Insertion

50
Q

The muscle attachment joined to the less moveable part :

A

Origin

51
Q

The muscle that produces a given movement

A

Antagonist

52
Q

A muscle that relaxes during a given movement

A

Prime mover

53
Q

A contraction in which the muscle shortens but muscle tensions remains the same

A

Isotonic

54
Q

A contraction in which muscle tension increases but muscle length is unchanged

A

Isometric

55
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A

Spongy and Compact

56
Q

Ossification :

A

Cartilage to bone

57
Q

Elipiphyseal plates provide :

A

Longitudinal growth and increase in length

58
Q

Structures of a long bone:

A

Epiphysis- the ends, Diaphysis-middle(composed of compact bone) , Periosteum-Exterior

59
Q

Gliding joint:

A

Between carpals & tarsals

60
Q

Saddle joint:

A

Between wrist and metacarpal thumb

61
Q

Condyloid joint:

A

Metacarpal at proximal end:

62
Q

3 structures of muscular system:

A

Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal

63
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

Smooth, Cardiac

64
Q

Voluntary muscle :

A

Skeletal

65
Q

Function of muscular system:

A

Movement of the skeleton , Maintenance of posture, Generation of heat

66
Q

Pivot joint:

A

Neck

67
Q

Deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual fibers with fascicles.

A

Endomysium

68
Q

Connective tissue layer around each fascicle:

A

Perimysium

69
Q

Connective tissue sheath that encases the entire muscle :

A

Epimysium

70
Q

Muscle fibers cytoplasm

A

Sarcoplasm

71
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis:

A

Breaks glucose down incompletely without using oxygen.

72
Q

A muscle as a whole shortens you produce movement :

A

Concentric contractions

73
Q

The muscle lengthens as it exerts force.

A

Eccentric contractions

A&P (10 decks)

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