The Skeletal & Muscular System

Question 1

What are five functions of bones?

Answer 1

1. Form a sturdy framework, 2. Protect delicate structures such as the brain and spinal cord. 3. Work as levers with attached muscles to produce movement 4. Store calcium salts, which may be resorted into the blood if the calcium is needed. 5. Produce blood cells(in the red marrow).

Question 2

The axial skeleton includes:

Answer 2

Head, torso

Question 3

The appendicular skeleton includes:

Answer 3

Extremities

Question 4

A cell that reabsorbs bone matrix( breakdown of bone tissue):

Answer 4

Osteoclast

Question 5

A mature cell that is completely surrounded by hard bone tissue( maintain bone tissue)

Answer 5

Osteocytes

Question 6

A cell that builds bone tissue “blast build”

Answer 6

Osteoblast

Question 7

The shaft of a long bone:

Answer 7

Diaphysis

Question 8

The tough connective tissues membrane that covers long bones:

Answer 8

Periosteum

Question 9

The end of a long bone:

Answer 9

Epiphysis

Question 10

The type of bone tissue found at the end of long bones (small bony plates)

Answer 10

Spongy bone

Question 11

The thin membrane that lines the central cavity of long bones:

Answer 11

Endosteum

Question 12

The hollow portion of a long bone containing yellow marrow

Answer 12

Medullary cavity

Question 13

The longitudinal canal in the middle of each osteon:

Answer 13

Central canal

Question 14

What type of marrow is found in spongy bone and at the ends of long bones?

Answer 14

Red marrow

Question 15

The region where two or more bones unite; a joint

Answer 15

Synarthrosis

Question 16

A slightly moveable joint

Answer 16

Amphiarthrosis

Question 17

A freely moveable joint

Answer 17

Diarthrosis

Question 18

An immovable joint

Answer 18

Articulation

Question 19

The material joining the bone of most synarthroses

Answer 19

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 20

The material joining the bones of most amphiarthroses

Answer 20

Cartilage

Question 21

The material between the bones of diarthroses

Answer 21

Synovial fluid

Question 22

A movement that increase the angle between two bones( away from the anatomical postion)

Answer 22

Extension

Question 23

Movement away from the midline of the body

Answer 23

Abduction

Question 24

Motion around a central axis

Answer 24

Circumduction

Question 25

A bending motion that decreases the angle between two pairs( toward the anatomical position)

Answer 25

Flexion

Question 26

Movement towards the midline of the body

Answer 26

Adduction

Question 27

The act of turning the palm up or forward

Answer 27

Supination

Question 28

The act of pointing the toes downward

Answer 28

Plantar flexion

Question 29

What are three functions of skeletal muscle?

Answer 29

1.Produces of movements at the joints 2.Contracts and relaxes. 3.Execute body movements

Question 30

The protein that makes up muscle’s lighter, thin filaments

Answer 30

Actin

Question 31

The protein that interacts with actin to form cross-bridges

Answer 31

Tropomyosin

Question 32

The part of the muscle cell membrane that contain ACh receptors

Answer 32

Sarcoplasm

Question 33

The space between the neuron and the muscle cell

Answer 33

Synaptic cleft

Question 34

A single neuron and all of the muscles fibers it stimulates

Answer 34

Motor unit

Question 35

A protein that binds calcium during muscle contraction

Answer 35

Troponin

Question 36

The organelle that stores calcium in resting muscle cells

Answer 36

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

A contracting subunit of skeletal muscle

Answer 37

Sarcomere

Question 38

Acetylcholine is an example of this type of signal

Answer 38

Chemical

Question 39

Substance released into the synaptic cleft

Answer 39

Acetylcholine

Question 40

The immediate source of energy for muscle contraction

Answer 40

ATP

Question 41

Binds to troponin when muscles contracts

Answer 41

Calcium

Question 42

Used to detach the myosin head

Answer 42

ATP

Question 43

Pumped back into the ER when muscles relaxes

Answer 43

Calcium

Question 44

A compound similar to ATP can be used to generate ATP

Answer 44

Creative phosphate

Question 45

A polysaccharide that can be used to generate glucose

Answer 45

Glycogen

Question 46

A compound that stores oxygen within muscles cells

Answer 46

Myoglobin

Question 47

Muscle contraction in order:

Answer 47

Read in workbook page : 120

Question 48

A muscle acting as a helper to accomplish a particular movement

Answer 48

Synergist

Question 49

The muscle attachment joined to the new moveable part

Answer 49

Insertion

Question 50

The muscle attachment joined to the less moveable part :

Answer 50

Origin

Question 51

The muscle that produces a given movement

Answer 51

Antagonist

Question 52

A muscle that relaxes during a given movement

Answer 52

Prime mover

Question 53

A contraction in which the muscle shortens but muscle tensions remains the same

Answer 53

Isotonic

Question 54

A contraction in which muscle tension increases but muscle length is unchanged

Answer 54

Isometric

Question 55

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 55

Spongy and Compact

Question 56

Ossification :

Answer 56

Cartilage to bone

Question 57

Elipiphyseal plates provide :

Answer 57

Longitudinal growth and increase in length

Question 58

Structures of a long bone:

Answer 58

Epiphysis- the ends, Diaphysis-middle(composed of compact bone) , Periosteum-Exterior

Question 59

Gliding joint:

Answer 59

Between carpals & tarsals

Question 60

Saddle joint:

Answer 60

Between wrist and metacarpal thumb

Question 61

Condyloid joint:

Answer 61

Metacarpal at proximal end:

Question 62

3 structures of muscular system:

Answer 62

Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal

Question 63

Involuntary muscle

Answer 63

Smooth, Cardiac

Question 64

Voluntary muscle :

Answer 64

Skeletal

Question 65

Function of muscular system:

Answer 65

Movement of the skeleton , Maintenance of posture, Generation of heat

Question 66

Pivot joint:

Answer 66

Neck

Question 67

Deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual fibers with fascicles.

Answer 67

Endomysium

Question 68

Connective tissue layer around each fascicle:

Answer 68

Perimysium

Question 69

Connective tissue sheath that encases the entire muscle :

Answer 69

Epimysium

Question 70

Muscle fibers cytoplasm

Answer 70

Sarcoplasm

Question 71

Anaerobic glycolysis:

Answer 71

Breaks glucose down incompletely without using oxygen.

Question 72

A muscle as a whole shortens you produce movement :

Answer 72

Concentric contractions

Question 73

The muscle lengthens as it exerts force.

Answer 73

Eccentric contractions