Blood and Circulatory System Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
It is a specialized connective tissue in which cells are
suspended in plasma
A
Blood
2
Q
it is a fluid extracellular material
A
Plasma
3
Q
What is the composition of formed elements?
A
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
4
Q
What is the composition of plasma
A
albumin a- and b- globulin γ- globulins complement proteins fibrinogen
5
Q
Most abundant; maintain osmotic pressure
A
Albumin
6
Q
For coagulation
A
a- and b- globulin
7
Q
Immunoglobulins secreted by lymphocytes
A
γ- globulins (gamma)
8
Q
Inflammation and destruction of microorganisms
A
Complement proteins
9
Q
Largest plasma protein; block blood loss from small vessels
A
Fibrinogen
10
Q
a yellowish liquid produced when plasma proteins react with one another to produce a clot.
A
Serum
11
Q
Total blood volume (45%) RBCs in the bottom later
A
Hematocrit
12
Q
Refers to the tissue where hemopoiesis takes place or the production of formed elements
A
Hematopoietic tissue
13
Q
Organized structures that support immune responses and the sites of lymphocyte development.
A
Lymphoid tissue
14
Q
Synonymous with Red Bone marrow from birth onwards.
- Site for the production of all formed elements.
A
Myeloid tissue
15
Q
What is the optimal angle to draw blood using capillary
A
30 - 40 degrees
16
Q
If the angle is greater than 30 then
A
smear thicker (low hematocrit)
17
Q
If the angle is lower than 30 then
A
smear thinner (high hematocrit)
18
Q
Are universally employed for staining of blood films.
A
Romanowsky stains
19
Q
Fixative
A
Methanol
20
Q
The basic dye and has affinity for acidic component of the cell
A
Methylene Blue
21
Q
The acidic dye and has affinity for basic component of the cell
A
Eosin/Azure
22
Q
What is the the acidic component of the cell
A
Nucleus
23
Q
what is the basic component of the cell
A
Cytoplasm
24
Q
What are the romanowsky stains
A
methanol
methylene blue
eosin or azure
25
It is the mixture of giemsa powder, glycerine and methyl alcohol
Giemsa stain
26
Dipping of air-dried smear in undiluted stain for 15 to 30 secs
Wright's stain
27
This cell lacks nuclei, biconcave discs
Red Blood Cells
28
What is the lifespan of RBC
120 days
29
This cell is very small, non- nucleated, membrane- bound cell fragments
Platelets
30
What is the life span of platelets
9-12 days
31
Why are WBC important?
Chemotaxis
Chemotactic factors
Diapedesis
Phagocytosis
32
AZUROPHILIC PRIMARY GRANULES are also known as
lysosomes
33
It is dense vesicles with a major role in both killing and degrading engulfed microorganism
Azurophilic primary granules
34
What are the components of azurophilic primary granules
MYELOPEROXIDASE (MPO)
LYSOZYME
DEFENSINS
35
It is smaller and less dense, stain faintly pink.
Secretion of various ECM degrading enzymes
Specific secondary granules
36
This cells have nuclei having 2 to 5 lobes linked by thin nuclear extension
Kill and phagocytose bacteria
Neutrophils
37
What is the lifespan of neutrophil in the blood
8 hours
38
What is the life span of neutrophil in the tissue
1-4 days
39
What is the reference range of neutrophils in the body
50% - 70%
40
It is cells that are bilobed nucleus and far less numerous than neutrophils
Kill helminthic and other parasites; Modulate local inflammation
Eosinophils
41
What is the life span of eosinophil in the tissue?
8 - 12 days
42
What is the life span of eosinophil in the blood?
3 - 8 hours
43
What is the reference range of eosinophils in the body
2 - 5%
44
An arginine- rich factor that accounts for the granule's acidophilia
Major basic protein (MBP)
45
It is cells that consists of 2 irregular lobes and a large specific granule
Modulate inflammation, Release histamine during allergy
Basophils
46
How many days does basophils stay on blood and tissue
few days
47
What is the reference range of basophils in the body
less than 1%
48
These cells are usually distinctly indented or C- shaped
Precursor of macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytic cells
Monocytes
49
What is the life span of monocyte in the blood?
1 - 2 days
50
What is the life span of monocyte in the tissues?
70 days
51
What is the reference range of monocyte in the body
3 - 7%
52
These are the smallest leukocyte with spherical nuclei, Most numerous agranulocytes
Effector and regulatory cells for adaptive immunity
Lymphocytes
53
What is the life span of monocyte in the blood and tissue?
a few hours to years
54
What is the reference range of lymphocyte in the body
20% - 40%
55
What is the largest wbc
monocyte
56
What is the smallest wbc
lymphocyte
57
What are the examples of lymphocytes
B- LYMPHOCYTES
Helper and Cytotoxic T- LYMPHOCYTES
NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS
58
What are the 3 basic structural components of the wall of larger blood vessels?
1. Simple squamous endothelium
2. Smooth muscle
3. Connective tissue (elastic and collagen fibers)
59
It is a special type of epithelium that acts as a semipermeable barrier between two internal
Endothelium
60
What are the compartments of endothelium
blood plasma and interstitial fluid
61
It mediates and actively monitor the bidirectional exchange of small molecules
Endothelium
62
It occur in the walls of all vessels larger than capillaries.;arranged helically
Smooth muscle cells/fibers
63
It is present in vascular walls in amounts and proportions that vary based on local functional requirements.
Connective tissue
64
What are the components of connective tissue
collagen fibers
elastic materials
ground substance
65
It is found thoughout the wall
Collagen fibers
66
It provides the resiliency for the vascular wall expanded under pressure.
Elastic materials
67
It forms a heterogeneous gel in the extracellular spaces of the wall; contributing to the physical properties and affecting permeability and diffusion of substances through the wall.
Ground substance
68
What are the layers of capillaries
tunica intima only
69
It consists of an endothelium composed of simple squamous epithelial cells,
Tunica intima
70
It separates tunica media and tunica intima and allows diffusion of substances
Internal elastic lamina in the arteries
71
It consists of smooth muscle cells arranged circularly around the blood vessel
Tunica media
72
It separates the media from the tunica adventitia
External elastic lamina in the arteries
73
It is composed of connective tissue (type I collagen and elastic fibers).; gradually continuous
Tunica adventitia
74
What is considered as the vessels of the vessels
vasa vasorum which consist of arterioles, capillaries, and venules in the tunica adventitia and outer part of media.
75
What are the types of arteries
Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
arterioles
76
It is the largest-diameter arteries and have the thickest wall.
Elastic artery
77
What is the composition of elastic artery
greater elastic tissue and smaller portion of smooth muscle
78
This artery include medium-sized and small diameter arteries.
Muscular arteries
79
What is the composition of muscular arteries
more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers
80
This artery have smaller diameter
Small arteries
81
What is the composition of small arteries
have only 3 or 4 layers of smooth muscle
82
this arteries are adapted for vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Small arteries
83
Is a very small artery that delivers blood to capillaries.
Arterioles
84
What is the composition of arterioles
one or 2 layers of circular smooth muscle cells.
85
This artery has blood flow from arteries to capillaries
Arterioles
86
Are microscopic vessels that connect arterioles to venules.
Capillaries
87
What is the composition of capillaries
simple squamous epithelium
88
What is the blood flow of capillaries
microcirculation
89
It is cells of multi-functional mural cells of the microcirculation that wrap around the endothelial cells
Pericyte
90
What is the other term for pericytes
Rouget cells
91
What are the types of capillaries
Continuous capillaries
Fenestrated capillaries
Sinusoid Capillaries
92
It is the most common type
Have tight, occluding junctions sealing the intercellular clefts between all the endothelial cells
Continuous capillaries
93
It is characterized by the presence of small circular fenestrae
it has very thin squamous cells
Fenestrated capillaries
94
Where is fenestrated capillaries commonly found
It is found in the blood, kidney, intestine, chroroid plexus, and endocrine glands
95
Permits maximal exchange of macromolecules between tissues and blood
Sinusoid capillaries
96
What are the characteristics of sinusoid capillaries
Have large fenestrae without diaphragms
Cells form discontinuous layer and are separated from one another by wide spaces
Basal lamina is discontinuous.
97
What is the composition of venules
smooth muscle fibers and fibroblasts
98
These veins are slightly larger in diameter than venules.
Tunica media: cont layer of smooth muscle cells
Small veins
99
It is veins that has valves in veins of the LOWER LIMBS than in veins of upper limbs, prevents the flow of blood toward the feet in response to the pull of gravity.
Large veins
