blood and tissue nematode] Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMTODES distinguishing charac is towards the?
A
Tail
2
Q
BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMTODES vectors are?
A
Blood Sucking arthropods
3
Q
are very important because it is where the
stage of the parasites developed to another stage
A
vectors
4
Q
BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMTODES infective stage to man?
A
3rd stage larva/ filariform larva
5
Q
infective stage to insect vector?
A
Microfilariae
6
Q
Pathogenic stage to man:
A
adult worms
7
Q
Diagnostic stages:
Microfilariae:
A
blood
8
Q
Diagnostic stages:
Adult Larvae:
A
Lymphatic
9
Q
adult male morphology of blood and tissue nematodes?
A
Adult- threadlike, creamy, white, varies in length
10
Q
Adult male blood and tissue nematodes doesnt have?
A
Cardiac Valve
11
Q
Blood and tissue nematode adult has ______ buccal cavity?
A
inconspicuous
12
Q
Blood and tissue nematode adult has ______ esophagus?
A
Cylindrical
13
Q
stage? snake-like with a column of cells in the
anterior to the posterior portion
A
larval stage
14
Q
this stage develops inside the vectors?
A
Larval stage
15
Q
embryos produced by
filarial worms usually found in the blood or tissues
of patients with filariasis,
A
microfilarae/microfilaria
15
Q
aka pre larval stage
A
microfilaria
16
Q
stage that is highly motile and threadlike/snake like
A
Microfilaria
17
Q
stage that is Slender, may range from the size of 150
um to 350 um
A
microfilatria
18
Q
Location of Microfilariae in man:
A
peripheral blood and lymph spaces of the skin
19
Q
a thin, translucent egg shell remnant covering the body of the
microfilaria and past the head and tail
A
Sheath
20
Q
Biologic adaptation of the parasite to the time of maximum
biting activity of the vector
A
Periodicity
21
Q
A phenomenon whereby a parasite present in the blood
stream during the specific period of time
A
periodicity
22
Q
Helpful in selecting the appropriate time, or very important
because, it is a means of selecting the appropriate time for
specimen collection
A
periodicity
23
Q
why is periodicity important?
A
because there is a rhythmical appearance of microfilariae of peripheral blood
24
periodicity: occuring at night
Nocturnal
25
Nocturnal time?
10pm to 2am
26
Periodicity: occuring during the day
Diurnal
27
Diurnal periodicity time?
10am to 2 pm
28
timing of occurrences but not clear cut unlike periodic;
subperiodic
29
connected to vector breeding schedule
subperiodic
30
periodicity: peak count during nighttime
Nocturnally
31
periodicity: peak count during daytime
Diurnally
32
during nighttime and daytime
NON-PERIODIC:
33
The distribution of nuclei within the tip of the tail as well as the
presence/absence of a delicate transparent membrane called
sheath.
sheated microfilarae
34
Wuchereria bancrofti common name
Bancroft's filarial worm
35
disease of W.b?
Bancroftian filariasis, elephantiasis of LOWER
extremities, lymphatics of scrotum; wuchereriasis
36
periodicity of W.b?
Nocturnal
37
W.b affects the _____ lymphatics
lower
38
parasite? creamy, white, long and filariform in shape
and usually ssume thread-like appearance
W.b
39
W.b can be found in?
tropics and sub-tropic areas
40
microfilariae of W.b measures?
270-290 micrometers
41
In fresh specimens, they would usually appear as
minute snake-like organisms that are continuously
/ constantly moving among RBC
W.b microfilariae
42
W.b microfilariae is enclosed in ____ sheath?
Hyaline
43
what is the distinguising charac of W.b?
Numerous nuclei in the body but NOT at the posterior or tail end part
44
W.b cephalic/anterior part is?
blunt and round
45
W.b posterior or tail part is?
culminate or ends in a point the is FREE of nuclei
46
laboratory
diagnostic method of choice of W.b?
Fresh Giemsa Stained Blood
47
A more sensitive method of W.b microfilariae recovery is?
filtering heparinized blood through a special filter,
48
special filter paper for W.b?
nuclepore filter
49
W.b light infection may be diagnosed by
knott technique
50
knott technique solution
g 1mL
of blood in 10mL of 2% solution of Formalin
51
The peak hours for W. bancrofti are____ which correlates with the appearance of its vector
9pm - 4am
52
They are more prevalent in the mid-afternoon.
W.b
53
serologic test for W.b?
Antigen and Antibody detection
54
in endemic areas what serves as the primary means for diagnosis of W.b?
Clinical symptoms and patient history
55
common name of Brugia malayi?
Malayan Filaria
56
This affects the upper lympathics;
B. malayi
57
B. malayi affect ___ lymphatics?
Upper
58
B.m periodicity?
Nocturnal
59
where can you find B.m?
Eastern Asia, Southwestern Pacific Islands, parts of
India
o Brugia timori (island of Timor)
60
For the adult femals of B. malayi and W. bancrofti,
they are?
undistinguishable
61
This organism like W. bancrofti also possesses a
sheath, a rounded anterior end with numerous
nuclei.
B. malayi
62
distinguishing charac of B.m?
two distinct nuclei at the tip of its somewhat
pointed tail.
63
microfilarie of?? They are enclosed in a sheath and this has angular
curvatures with secondary kinks and 2 nuclei at the
tip of the tail.
B. malayi
64
serves as the best method for diagnosis of B.m
stained blood
films
65
This parasit has migrating larva
loa loa
66
loa loa is also known as?
African Eye Worm
67
The diseases associated with loa loa are
loaiasis
68
loa loa is found in?
Tropical part of Africa
69
loa loa means
worm worm
70
loa loa is commonly known as ____ as it is found in the _____ of the eyes
Eye Worm; Conjunctiva
71
Infection with parasite can also result to repeated episodes of
itchiness and swelling in the body known as
loa loa; Calabar Swelling
72
loa loa can be found in what part of the body?
Cutaneous and sub cutaneous tissue
73
Loa loa periodicity?
Diurnal
74
vector of Loa loa
Chrysops - deer fly
75
this parasite has a sheath that is filled with nuclei form anterior to posterior part
Loa loa
76
distinct charac of loa loa
continous nuclei from anterior and posterior tip
77
The adult loa loa are typically ______ in color and would exhibit
a _______ thread-like appearance.
white; cylindrical
78
common name of loa loa:
Loa worm/eye worm/ african eye worm
79
disease of loa loa
Loasis/ Fugitive Swelling/ Calabar Swelling
80
swelling diameter of loa loa
5-10cm
81
Loa loa; swelling is marked by?
Erythema and angioedema
82
redness of the skin or mucous
membrane due to hyperemia or increased blood
flow
erythema
83
swelling underneath the skin
angioedema
84
angioedema persist for?
4-7 days
85
main cause of angioedema is ?
Allergic reaction
86
angioedema can be seen in?
Dermis
subcutaneous tissue
cutaneous tissue
mucosa
87
migration of loa loa is ?
up to an inch for every 2 minutes
88
The specimen of choice for the recovery of L. loa
microfilariae is
Giemsa-stained blood
89
This sample
yields the best recovery when collected during the
mid-day hours
knott technique
90
time of collection of loa loa?
10:15-2:15
91
The migrating adult worms may be extracted from
a variety of blood locations and that will include the
eye
92
means no signs and
symptoms. So one is not aware that they are already infected.
Asymptomatic microfilaremia
93
inflammation of the walls of the lymphatic
vessels
Lymphangitis
94
inflammation of the lymph nodes
Lymphadenitis
95
inflammation of one or both testicles
Orchitis
96
inflammation of the epididymis (this is the tube
located at the back of the testicles)
Epididymitis-
97
type of swelling in the scrotum that occurs when
fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle
Hydrocele
98
condition characterized by gross enlargement
of an area of the body, especially the limbs
Elephantiasis-
99
nagkakaroon kadalasan ng allergic reaction in
the presence of microfilariae kaya may itchiness
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia & allergic reaction
100
chyle is the presence
of ____ and _____ in the urine giving the urine a ______
appearance.
lymph and lipid; milky white
101
when there is chyle in the pee
Chyluria
102
diagnosis of filariasis
Peripheral blood smear
103
filariasis serology?
antigen capture
104
the vector of Wuchereria bancrofti
ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
105
Onchocerca volvulus common name?
Blinding filaria
106
Onchocerca volvulus disease:
Blinding filariasis/river blindness, onchocerciasis
107
definitive host of O.v?
Man
108
infective stage of O.v?
3rd stage larva
109
incubation period of O.v?
10-12 months
110
vector of O.v?
black fly (genus simulium)
111
O.v is usally found in what part of the human body?
subcutaneous; dermis
112
parasite not found in the blood so periodicity is not particular?
O.v
113
O.v is found in what countries?
Tropical Africa, North Yemen, parts of Mexico, Guatemala,
Venezuela, Brazil, Columbia and Ecuador
114
Signs and symptoms of O.v?
minimal changes on the surface of the
skin
115
parasite? thin and wirelike in appearamce
O.v
116
Parasite? coiled knots inside the nodules
O.v
117
The one primary characteristic that this organism will be
distinguished from other microfilariae is that it does not
produce a sheath. Another difference is the location of
microfilariae because it is found in subcutaneous tissues and
not found in blood
O.v
118
O.v stained slides of tissue biopsies, known as
Skin snips
119
O.v can also be collected through?
Filtration and centrifugation
120
O.v. giemsa stain pH?
pH 6.8
121
Skin snips is placed in? and left for how many hours?
0.5 mL of NSS; 4 hours
122
symptoms of O.v disease
Nodular and erythematous lesions
Eosinophilia and urticaria
123
Ocular involvment triad of river blindness
photophobia
Lacrimation
blindness
124
treatment and control of river blindness?
Diethylcarbamazine
125
Mansonella perstans is found in what part of the body?
Body cavities
126
non-periodic microfilarie?
MANSONELLA (SYN. DIPETALONEMA; PREVIOUSLY KNOWN)
PERSTANS
127
Mansonella perstans is found in what countries?
South america and tropical africa
128
mansonella ozzardi common name is?
New world filariae
129
mansonella ozzardi is found in what part of the body?
non-periodic microfilariae
130
parasite? Commonly associated disease: none
Considered nonpathogenic
MANSONELLA OZZARDI
131
The posterior end is short and not tapered as compared to the
onchocerca volvulus.
MANSONELLA OZZARDI
132
The organism contains numerous nuclei
that do not extend to the tip of the long narrow and tapered
tail.
MANSONELLA OZZARDI
133
It is similar in appearance to that of the onchocerca volvulus
but the O. volvulus is found in blood rather than in skin snips
MANSONELLA OZZARDI
134
M. (DIPETALONEMA) STREPTOCERCA is found in kn what country?
tropical africa
135
MANSONELLA OZZARDI vectors?
Midges: genus Culicoides
Blackflies: genus Simulium
136
MANSONELLA PERSTANS vector
midge (genus Culicoides)
137
Unsheated and subperiodic microfilariae
MANSONELLA PERSTANS
138
Unsheated and non-periodic microfilariae – blood stream
MANZONELLA OZZARDI
139
location of microfilariae in man
peripheral blood and lymph spaces of the skin
140
141
Disease of B.malayi
malarian filariasis and
elephantiasis
142
B.malayi microfilarae length
177-230um
143
Where can you get skin snips for O.v laboratory
Shoulder, buttocks, chest, calves
144
O.v skin snips is examined using what microscope?
Inversion microscope
145
Mansonella ozzardi is found in what country
Tropical africa
146
Parasite? Adults: dermis (<1 mm from surface) (prominent)
Mansonella streptocerca
147
Hanging groin, blindness, dermatitis
Onchocerca volvulus
