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3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC > BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMATODES > Flashcards

BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMATODES Flashcards

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1
Q

vector-borne filarial nematode genus associated w human infections

A

Mansonella spp.

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2
Q

three species of Mansonella

A

M. ozzardi
M. perstans
M. streptocera

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3
Q

Mansonella spp.: primary vectors

A

biting midges (Midge fly) of genus Culicoides

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4
Q

Mansonella spp.: a New World species w a patchy distribution; endemic to Central America

A

M. ozzardi

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5
Q

Mansonella spp.: an Old World species that occurs in tropical regions of West and Central Africa

A

M. streptocerca

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6
Q

Mansonella spp.: endemic throughout West, East, and Central Africa

A

Mansonella perstans

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7
Q

M. perstans was likely introduced where?

A

neotropical regions of Central and South America

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8
Q

Mansonella spp.: symptomatic or asymptomatic infection?

A

asymptomatic

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9
Q

M. perstans and M. ozzardi diagnosed by?

A

finding microfilariae cicrulating in BLOOD

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10
Q

M. streptocerca is usually diagnosed by?

A

finding microfilariea in SKIN SNIPS

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11
Q

standard treatment for mansonellosis

A

none

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12
Q

combination therapy for M. perstans mcirofilaremia?

A

diethylcarbamazine + mebendazole

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13
Q

diagnostic stage for filariasis

A

microfilaria

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14
Q

Filariasis: infective stage to the midge

A

microfilariae

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15
Q

unique characteristic of M. perstans

A

has blunt rounded tail w nucleus extending to the tip; unsheated

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16
Q

difference of M. perstans from Loa Loa

A

Loa Loa is SHEATED (clear ext. found in the body of the mcirofilaria)

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17
Q

unique characteristic of M. streptocerca

A

has a hook-tail

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18
Q

Mansonella spp.: infective stage to humans

A

L3 larvae

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19
Q

mode of transmission from midge to humans

A

L3 enters through BITE WOUND of the midge fly

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20
Q

vectors for M. ozzardi

A

Arthropod
- black fly of genus Simulium
- midge of genus Culicoides

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21
Q

unique characteristic of M. ozzardi

A

body nuclei do NOT extend to tip of tail; long, thin pointed tail

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22
Q

drug of choice for filariasis

A

DEC (diethylcarbamazine)

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23
Q

treatment for M. ozzardi

A

ivermectin

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24
Q

treatment for M. streptocerca

A

DEC
Ivermectin

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25
treatment for M. perstans
DEC + mebendazole (most widely used) Mebendazole Doxycycline
26
common name for Dracunculus medinensis
Guinea worm Medina worm Fiery serpent
27
Dracunculus medinensis: disease
dracunculiasis
28
Dracunculus medinensis: parasite is freq. found in?
subcutaneous tissues muscles of human, dog, cattles & horses
29
Dracunculus medinensis: disease causes what?
cutaneous nodules subsequent ulcers
30
Dracunculus medinensis: larvae difference of survival duration between clean water and muddy water
Clean water: 6 days Muddy water: 2-3 weeks
31
Dracunculus medinensis: infective stage
L3 larva
32
Dracunculus medinensis: definitive host
humans, dogs, horses
33
Dracunculus medinensis: intermediate host
cyclops, copepods
34
Dracunculus medinensis: mode of transmission to humans
human drinks unfiltered/contaminated water containing copepods w L3 larvae
35
Dracunculus medinensis: treatment
- removal of worm - filtering water sources - avoid contact w contaminated water
36
Dracunculus medinensis: drug of choice
none
37
Dracunculus medinensis: best treatment to prevent infection
filtering water sources
38
common name of Trichinella spiralis
Trichina worm Pork worm
39
Trichinella spiralis: diseases
- trichinosis - trichiniasis - trichinellosis
40
Trichinella spiralis: cloaca is found at the ? (male worm)
caudal end
41
Trichinella spiralis: functions to clasp the female during female during copulation
2 conspicuous conical papillae
42
Trichinella spiralis: spicule
none
43
Trichinella spiralis: anterior or posterior ? curved ventrad (male worm)
posterior end
44
Trichinella spiralis: female worm has how many uterus?
single uterus containing larvae
45
Trichinella spiralis: vulva opens at teh ?
anterior fifth of the body
46
Trichinella spiralis: ANTERIOR end of encysted larva contains ?
spear-like burrowing tip
47
Trichinella spiralis: infective stage
encysted larva
48
Trichinella spiralis: definitive host
swines man (accidental and definitive host)
49
Trichinella spiralis: diagnostic stage
encysted larva
50
Trichinella spiralis: functions to encyst in the muscle area
spear-like burrowing tip
51
Trichinella spiralis: definitive diagnosis
muscle biopsy
52
Trichinella spiralis: sylvatic cycle
from bears
53
Trichinella spiralis: domestic cycle
from pigs
54
Trichinella spiralis: mode of infection to humans
ingestion of undercooked meat which contains the encysted larva
55
Trichinella spiralis: dead-end host
humans
56
Trichinella spiralis: diagnosis
- muscle biopsy - Bentonite Flocculation Test
57
Trichinella spiralis: diagnosis that has higher sensitivity; detects antibody
Bentonite Flocculation Test
58
Trichinella spiralis: clinical disease
- destruction of muscle fiber - eosinophilia - may have myocardial involvement
59
Trichinella spiralis prevention and control: cook meat properly at what temp
77C or 170F
60
Trichinella spiralis prevention and control: storage
-15C for 20 days -30C for 6 days
61
Trichinella spiralis: treatment
thiabendazole mebendazole
62
common name of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
rat lungworm
63
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: originated in
domestic rats in Canton, China
64
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: normally lives in?
lungs of rats
65
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: cause ? in man
eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
66
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: disease
Angiostrongyliasis Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
67
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: barber's pole pattern
female
68
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: have a well-developed CAUDAL BURSA (kidney-shaped, single-lobed)
male
69
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: infective stage
L3 larvae
70
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: definitive host
rats
71
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: incidental host
humans
72
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: intermediate host
snails (Achatina fulica)
73
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: mode of infection to humans
accidential ingestion of gastropod or larvae
74
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: presumptive diagnosis
travel history exposure
75
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: diagnosis
- relatively difficult - presumptive diagnosis (travel history & exposure) - CSF (10% eosinophilia in proportion to the WBC - CT scan - ELISA
76
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: recommended anti helminthic treatment
none
77
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: management
- symptomatic treatment w analgesics - freq. removal of about 10ml spinal fluid at intervals relieves headaches (invasive)
78
Angiostrongylus cantonensis: treatmeat effective in experimental animals
Albendazole Mebendazole Ivermectin Thiabendazole
79
Anisakis spp.: disease
Anisakiasis Anisakidosis
80
nematode parasites of whales, dolphins, porpoises, walruses, seals, sea lions and other deep marine mammals
Anisakids
81
Anisakis spp.: referrred to as Type 1 larvae
3rd stage larva
82
Anisakis spp.: milky white; long stomach, blunt tail w mucron
3rd stage larva
83
Anisakis spp.: transmission to humans via?
raw or undercooked seafood consumption
84
Anisakis spp.: infective stage
L3 larvae
85
Anisakis spp.: definitive host
marine mammal
86
Anisakis spp.: intermediate host
crustaceans
87
Anisakis spp.: paratenic host
fish or cephalopod
88
Anisakis spp.: accidental host
humans
89
Anisakis spp.: pathology
- gastric pathology - intestinal pathology - allergic reactions
90
Anisakis spp.: diagnosis of Anisakiasis can be made by
gastroscopic examination during which the larvae can be removed
91
Anisakis spp.: Diagnosis
- recent histroy of eating RAW or improperly cooked fish or squid - gastroscopic/endoscopic examination - serological test (ELISA, RAST)
92
Anisakis spp.: serological test - ELISA stands for
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
93
Anisakis spp.: serological test - RAST stands for
radioallergosorbent assay
94
Anisakis spp.: treatment
- mechanically remove the larva using endoscopic forceps (main approach) - corticosteroids - albendazole

3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC (8 decks)

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