TISSUE NEMATODES - Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Loa loa

Question 1

diagnostic sample

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

microfilariae become L1 larva in the

Answer 2

thoracic muscle

Question 3

in humans, adult stage (b. malayi and w. bancrofti) is found in the

Answer 3

lymphatics

Question 4

second leading cause of permanent and long term disability

Answer 4

lymphatic filariasis

Question 5

filarial parasites for w. bancrofti

Answer 5

Bancroftian filaria

Question 6

filarial parasites for b. malayi

Answer 6

malayan filaria

Question 7

vectors for w. bancrofti

Answer 7

anopheles
aedes
culex

Question 8

vectors for b. malayi

Answer 8

Mansonia bonneae, M. uniformis

Question 9

common name of w. bancrofti

Answer 9

bancroft’s filarial worm

Question 10

common name for b. malayi

Answer 10

malayan filarial worm

Question 11

host adult for w. bancrofti

Answer 11

lower lymphatic

Question 12

host adult for b. malayi

Answer 12

upper lymphatic

Question 13

describe microfilaria of w. bancrofti

Answer 13

cephalic space: 1:1 as long as it is broad
body nuclei: well-spaced, has space in between
Tip of tail: no nuclei

Question 14

describe microfilaria of b. malayi

Answer 14

cephalic space: 2:1 longer than wide
Body nuclei: crowded
tip of tail: 2 nuclei

Question 15

appearance of w. bancrofti

Answer 15

graceful curve

Question 16

appearance of b. malayi

Answer 16

kinky/stiff

Question 17

sheath affinity to giemsa

Answer 17

b. malayi - stained pink (darker stained)
w. bancrofti = unstained

Question 18

predispose to secondary bacterial infections and inflammatory response to skin and subcutaneous tissue

Answer 18

lymphagiogenesis

Question 19

characterized by clinical and immunologic hyper-responsiveness to the mature worms

Answer 19

expatriate syndrome

Question 20

symptoms for expatriate syndrome

Answer 20

hives
rashes
blood eosinophilia + lymphagitis & lymphadenitis

Question 21

swelling of lymph channels

Answer 21

lymphagitis

Question 22

swelling of lymph nodes

Answer 22

lymphadenitis

Question 23

asymptomatic microfilaremia is also called as

Answer 23

endemic normals

Question 24

patient lives within the endemic arae and possesses no symptoms

Answer 24

asymptomatic microfilaremia

Question 25

main reservoir for infection

Answer 25

asymptomatic microfilaremia

Question 26

cells inhibited in b. malayi infection due to the worm's immunoregulatory mechanism

Answer 26

inhibition of CD4 T cells

Question 27

most common acute manifestation of filariasis

Answer 27

acute dermatolymphagioadenitis (ADLA)

Question 28

ADLA has similar signs and symptoms w

Answer 28

cellulitis

Question 29

ADLA has same lesions as cellulitis which is caused by

Answer 29

group A Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 30

cause of ADLA

Answer 30

bacterial infection --> lymphagiogenesis

Question 31

deep-seated bacterial infection

Answer 31

cellulitis

Question 32

cellulitis is possible w someone who has

Answer 32

filariasis

Question 33

directly caused by adult worms that died spontaneoulsy or following treatment

Answer 33

acute filarial lymphagitis (AFL)

Question 34

evidence macrofilarial efficacy

Answer 34

acute filarial lymphagitis (AFL)

Question 35

acute filarial lymphagitis (AFL) is characterized by

Answer 35

lymphagitis

Question 36

lymphedema and elephantiasis: characteristic feature

Answer 36

FIBROSIS and CELLULAR HYPERPLASIA in and around the lymphatic walls

Question 37

parasite-induced endothelial cell proliferation leading to collaterization

Answer 37

lymphagiogenesis

Question 37

most common manifestation of chronic lymphatic filarisis

Answer 37

lymphedema

Question 37

infection acquired during

Answer 37

childhood

Question 37

parasite-induced lymphatic dilatation

Answer 37

lymphagiectasis

Question 38

adult worms in the lymph nodes cause inflammation that obstruct lymphatic vessles

Answer 38

lymphedema

Question 39

results in the obstruction of lymphatic of tunica vaginalis

Answer 39

filarial hydrocoele

Question 40

urine of patinet w filariasis has increased

Answer 40

chylomicrons

Question 41

caused by rupture of lymphatics in the kidney; milky urine

Answer 41

chyluria

Question 42

chronic illness manifested by the presence of LYMPH and CHYLOMICRONS in the urine

Answer 42

chyluria

Question 43

bacterium that infects the filarial worms; released from the filarial worm = induce inflammation

Answer 43

wolbachia

Question 44

microfilariae found in lungs and tissues causing an allergic reaction

Answer 44

tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Question 45

specimen collected best done at night

Answer 45

thick blood smear *8pm-4am

Question 46

stimulates microfilariae into coming out of the peripheral circulation = allows daytime collection of blood smear

Answer 46

diethylcarbamazine provocative test

Question 47

preferred diagnostic method; used to diagnose a case w no microfilaria in the blood

Answer 47

circulating filarial antigens (CFA) detection

Question 48

diagnostic method for low intestity infection

Answer 48

knott's concentration method

Question 49

reagent used in knott;s concentration method

Answer 49

formalin 2%

Question 50

function of formalin in knott concentration method

Answer 50

lyses RBC

Question 51

stain used for knott's concentration method

Answer 51

giemsa stain

Question 52

drug of choice; effective against adult and microfilaria

Answer 52

diethylcarbamazine

Question 53

anti-Wolbachia

Answer 53

doxycycline

Question 54

loa loa intermediate host

Answer 54

fly genus Chrysops

Question 55

common names of for Chrysops fly

Answer 55

deer fly mango fly horse fly

Question 56

LL: subcutaneous swelling through the tissues of the adult filarial ege

Answer 56

calabar swelling

Question 57

method for managament: eye worm loa loa

Answer 57

surgical removal

Question 58

diurnal periodicty of lola loa microfilariae

Answer 58

10am-2pm: peripheral blood

Question 59

describe loa loa microfilariae

Answer 59

cephalic space: 1:1 body nuclei: crowded/darkstained nuclei up to the tip of tail sheated irregular curves: corkscrew appearance

Question 60

loa loa adult is found in

Answer 60

subcutaneous tissue

Question 61

loa loa diagnostic specimen

Answer 61

peripheral blood smear

Question 62

loa loa microfilariae found in

Answer 62

sputum urine spinal fluid lungs peripheral blood