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Flashcards in Blood Cells And Haemopoesis Deck (18)
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0
Q

Describe the control of erythropoiesis

A

Detect fall in partial pressure of oxygen

Increase erythropoetin which stimukates maturation and release of red cells from marrow

1
Q

Outline the process of haemopoesis

A

1) stem cell divides into two - one to replace original and one that will differentiate
2) haemopoetic progenitor will first differentiate into myeloid blast or lymphoid blast
3) the progenitor will differentiate jnto a certain cell type jnter the influence of a particular cytokine
E.g. Erythropoetin cause differentiation into a RBC

2
Q

Describe the structure of nuetrophil

A

Multilobed nucleus

Specialised for working in anaerobic (useful for damaged)

3
Q

Describe the function of a neutrophil

A

Migrate out of circulation to site of infection
Phagocytosis
Imcreased production by G-CSF

4
Q

Describe structure of eosinophil

A

Bi-lobed nucleus

5
Q

Describe the function of eosinophil

A

Phagocytosis

Release cytotoxic particles to damage larger particles

6
Q

Describe the function of basophil

A

Mediate acute inflmatory reactions using heparin and histamine

7
Q

Describe the function of monocytes

A

Migrate to become macrophages in many organs

Capable of phagocytosis and interact with t cells

8
Q

Describe function of B lymphocytes

A

Humorsl immunity. Stimulated by antigens, transform into plasma cells which secrete immunoglobulins

9
Q

Describe the function of t lymphocytes

A

Express CD4 on surface (helper)
Can be killer
Permit transformation of b cells into plasma cells

10
Q

Describe the structure of erythrocytes

A

Biconcave disc
4 globin chains (2alpha and 2 beta)
Each molecule carries haem
Flexible - to fit through small capillaries

11
Q

Describe the function of erythrocytes

A

Carries O2 to tissues and CO2 to lungs
Maintain haemoglobin in its reduced (ferrous) state
Maintain osmotic equilibrium

12
Q

Describe the structure of reticular cells

A

Synthesise reticular fibres and surround them with cytoplasm

13
Q

Describe the function of reticular cells

A

Direct t and b lymphocytes to specefic regions with lymphatic tissues

14
Q

Describe the structure of platelets

A

Small round blue particles
Produced by megakaryocytes
Complex surface membrane
Cytoplasm contains alpha and dense granules
Alpha contains fibrinogen and von willebands factor
Dense contains ADP and Ca2+

15
Q

Describe the function of platelets

A

Clotting cascade

Adhere to damaged cell walls and aggregate together

16
Q

Describe haemoglobin synthesis

A

Globin gene clusters on chromosome II and Ib
Globin chains synthesised indipendently and combine to form Hb
Switch from fetal to adult at age 3-6 months

17
Q

Describe the process of red cell destruction and Hb catabolism

A

RBC broken down into haem, globin and iron
The haem is converted to billirubin snd transported to the liver bound to albumin
It travels down the bile duct to the intestine where is is converted to urobilinogen
Then travels to kidney and is excreted