Blood Groups & Transfusions Flashcards
The Circulatory System (22 cards)
What is the surface of the RBC coated with?
With sugar and protein molecules that can stimulate the immune system.
These molecules are called antigens and the protein produced by the immune system is called an antibody.
What do antigens and antibodies combine to form?
The antigen and its antibody combine to form a complex and cause a reaction
How are antigens and blood groups determined?
The body’s ability to make the antigens, and so a person’s ABO blood group, is determined by their DNA and is therefore inherited.
Describe the A blood group
Antigens: A
Antibodies: B
Donates To: A, AB
Receives From: A, O
Describe the B blood group
Antigens: B
Antibodies: A
Donates To: B, AB
Receives From: B, O
Describe the AB blood group
Antigens: AB
Antibodies: None
Donates To: AB
Receives From: A, B, AB, O
Describe the O blood group
Antigens: O
Antibodies: None
Donates To: A, B, AB, O
Receives From: O
What is a RH protein?
It is a protein and those who have it are called Rh+, those who don’t are called Rh-.
Who can receive Rh+ blood?
Rh+ blood can receive blood from a person with Rh- blood without problems
How is Rh+ produced?
Rh+ is produced on exposure to the Rh antigen
What can people without the Rh antigen produce?
An individual without the Rh antigen can produce an anti-Rh antibody that reacts against those antigens
What can people with Rh antigen produce?
Rh-positive individuals cannot produce an anti-Rh antibody.
What is a transfusion?
Transfers blood or one of the components of blood, from one person to another.
What is needed for most transfusions?
For most transfusion is it necessary to match blood groups of the donor and the recipient
What may not require matching of blood groups?
The use of some blood products, such as clotting factors, may not require matching of blood groups.
What happens when blood types are mixed?
The mixing of blood types that are incompatible can cause the red blood cells to agglutinate.
What happens if the receiver’s blood contains or makes antibodies against the donor’s antigens?
If the receiver’s blood contains, or can make, antibodies against the antigens on the donor’s red blood cells, the foreign cells will clump together and disintegrate
What is the ABO blood group matched to?
The ABO blood group of the donor is also matched to that of the receiver when transfusions are given.
Are Rh blood groups matched for transfusions?
Rh blood groups are also matched for transfusion purposes.
How is the anti-Rh antibody produced?
The anti-Rh antibody is not normally present in the plasma of Rh-negative people, but it is produced on exposure to the Rh antigen.
What happens when a person with Rh- blood receives blood from Rh+
The first transfusion of Rh-positive blood to a Rh-negative patient does not usually cause problems because the antibodies are produced slowly.
What does the first exposure of Rh to do a person without Rh antigen?
That first exposure sensitises the person, so that any subsequent exposure results in very rapid production of antibodies
Clumping of the red cells results, in a manner like ABO incompatibility.
