Blood & Hematopoiesis Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the functions of whole blood?
-transport of water, solutes, cells
-temp regulation
-water balance/blood volume
Describe what whole blood is comprised of.
5-10% of body weight
-60% plasma (water, solutes)
-40% cells (RBCs, WBCs, PLTs)
Describe plasma/serum.
(Plasma has coagulation factors, serum does not - both are lipids)
-90% water
-8% proteins
-2% solutes (glucose, ions, electrolytes, etc)
proteins & solutes can be measured = can detect diseases
Describe blood cells, their amount, & life span.
- RBCs/erythrocytes = millions = months
- PLTs/platelets = hundred thousands = week
- WBCs/leukocytes = thousands = hours/days or years (memory cells)
Describe a blood smear prep.
H & E stain
-basophilic = acidic but stain basic (purple)
-eosinophilic = basic but stain acids (red)
Describe erythrocytes.
Function:
-carry O2 to tissue & CO2 to lungs
Shape:
-biconcave disc (birds, reptiles, camelids etc)
-flexible membrane
-high surface to volume ratio
—allows RBCs to pass through small capillaries
Describe the mean cell volume (MCV) of erythrocytes.
Dog = 70fL
Cat = 50fL
Horse = 45fL
Cow = 40fL
Describe fish, reptiles, amphibians, & bird erythrocytes.
-nucleated RBCs, WBCs, & thrombocytes (platelets)
EX: salamander, turtle, tilapia, eagle, viper
Describe leukocytes.
‘WBC’ or ‘TNCC’
Function: inflammation & immune response
EX: neutrophils (heterophils), lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Describe neutrophils size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.
‘Granulocytes’
Size: 12um diameter
Nucleus: segmented (dense purple chromatin)
Cytoplasm: pale-staining, “neutral”
Describe heterophils size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.
Size: 12um diameter
Nucleus: segmented (dense purple chromatin)
Cytoplasm: red, rice shaped-round granules
Describe lymphocytes.
-found in blood, lymphatic circulation, lymphatic tissue
-no granules
-adaptive immune response
>humoral immunity: B cells, plasma cells
>cell mediated immunity: T cells
Describe lymphocytes size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.
Size: smaller than neutrophil (except in ruminants)
Nucleus: round-indented, dense/clumped chromatin
Cytoplasm: blue
*high N:C ratio
Describe monocytes.
-differentiate into macrophages in tissue
-mononuclear phagocytic system
>monocytes & tissue macrophages
>macrophages: spleen, liver (kupffer cells), lungs (alveolar macrophages), brain (microglial cells), bone (osteoclasts) etc
Functions:
-phagocytosis
-antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes
-iron storage & recycling
Describe monocytes size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.
Size: largest
Nucleus: round-kidney shaped, band shaped, pseudo segmented (chromatin is loose & magenta)
Cytoplasm: blue & vacuolated
Describe eosinophils.
low in blood
Function: modulate delayed & immediate types of hypersensitivity reactions
Describe eosinophils size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.
Size: similar to neutrophil
Nucleus: segmented w clumped chromatin
Cytoplasm: pale
*eosinophilic granules
>bright red/orange
>arg rich protein
>antibacterial & antiparasitic
Describe basophils.
-rare in healthy animals
-seen w eosinophils
-basophilic granules:
>contain histamine & other proteins
Describe basophils size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.
Size: larger than neutrophils
Nucleus: elongated, ribbon like, segmented
Cytoplasm: abundant amphophilic (lilac)
*purple granules
What is the function of the platelets?
-primary hemostasis (clotting)
-primary inflammatory response
Describe platelets size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.
Describe platelets size, nucleus, & granules.
varies w species
Size: 2-4um diameter
Nucleus: anucleate
Granules: red-purple
Describe avian, reptilian, amphibian, & fish thrombocytes.
-platelets are nucleated
Describe the components of bone marrow.
- Sinusoids
- Stromal cells
- Hematopoietic cells
- Macrophages
