Blood Okorie

Question 1

how do lymphocytes and monocytes move

Answer 1

freely between blood and ct

Question 2

where do all of the blood cell types originate?

Answer 2

in the CT of bone marrow

Question 3

what is the chemical composition of plasma similar too?

Answer 3

interstitial fluid in ordinary CT

Question 4

what percent of plasma is protein? lipoprotein?

Answer 4

7%-protein

10%-lipoprotein

Question 5

what are the three main blood proteins found in plasma?

Answer 5

albumin
gamma globulins
fibrinogen

Question 6

what protein in plasma maintains osmotic pressure

Answer 6

albumin

Question 7

what protein in plasma is known as an antibody

Answer 7

gamma globulin

Question 8

what is the clotting agent protein in plasma?

Answer 8

fibrinogen

Question 9

what percent of blood are RBC

Answer 9

44%

Question 10

what percent of blood are WBC

Answer 10

1%

Question 11

what percent of blood are plasma

Answer 11

55%

Question 12

3 different blood smear stains?

Answer 12

• leishman
• Wrights
• Giemsa (May-Grunwald-Giemsa)

Question 13

what are biconcave discs that have no nucleus

Answer 13

erythrocytes

Question 14

what is the size of an erythrocyte?

Answer 14

7.2 um (micrometers)

Question 15

what do erythrocytes stain with eosin?

Answer 15

redish

Question 16

main protein in erythrocyte is ?

Answer 16

oxyhemoglobin

O2 + Hemoglobin

Question 17

life span of RBC

Answer 17

120 days

Question 18

who has more blood count per unit of volume women or men

Answer 18

men, women have a period once a month, a lot of blood loss

Question 19

how do RBC transport CO2

Answer 19

carbonic anhydrase

Question 20

WHAT BLOOD IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR?

Answer 20

O- (has no Rh factor to screw anything up)

Question 21

which is the blood type that is the universal recipient

Answer 21

AB + (has Rh so nothing can screw it up, also has no antibodies to attack anything)

Question 22

when you have antigens present on RBC and no antibodies you are

Answer 22

Rh positive

Question 23

have no antigens and antibodies will produce if exposure happens

Answer 23

Rh negative

Question 24

what is the definition of the Rh disease called ERYTHROBLASTOSIS

Answer 24

the RBC of the fetus are destroyed if they are Rh positive and the mother is Rh negative, her antigen will make antibodies that will attack the baby with RH because she doesn’t have that factor, and this can kill the SECOND baby

Question 25

the treatment for erythroblastosis is Rhgam, why?

Answer 25

becuase it contains the antibodies for rh positive antigen, you inject it 72 hours after birth of Rh positive baby

Question 26

what is it called when you have low levels of hemoglobin?

Answer 26

anemia

Question 27

when you have an increase in the number of RBC and a decrease in plasma it is called?

Answer 27

polycythemia | or erythrocytosis

Question 28

what holds the cytoskeleton together in RBC

Answer 28

spectrin without it you can have- erythrocyte membrane deformation

Question 29

anisocytosis

Answer 29

abnormal variation in size of a cell

Question 30

macrocytosis and microcytosis are examples of what

Answer 30

anisocytosis

Question 31

altered cell shape like sickle or crenation is known as

Answer 31

poikilocytosis

Question 32

how many polypeptide bonds does hemogolbulin have

Answer 32

4

Question 33

how many heme groups does hemoglobulin have

Answer 33

4

Question 34

hemoglobin ( 1 molecule) can carry how much o2

Answer 34

4

Question 35

when hemoglbin is not carrying 02 it is called

Answer 35

reduced hemoglobin

Question 36

when hemoglobin is carrying 02 it is called

Answer 36

oxyhemoglobin

Question 37

what can help to transport C02 from the tissues of the lung

Answer 37

hemoglobin

Question 38

when there is a subsitution for hydrophobic caline for hydrophilic glutamic acid it is called

Answer 38

sickle cells

Question 39

what kind of mutation is sickle cell

Answer 39

single point mutation

Question 40

what kind of hemoglobin leads to sickle cell

Answer 40

HBS

Question 41

what are the 3 granulocytes

Answer 41

- neurtrophils - eosinophil - basophil

Question 42

what are the two agranulocytes

Answer 42

- leukocyte | - monocyte

Question 43

percents of agranulocytes

Answer 43

``` 60-n 3-e .5-b 5-m 30-l ```

Question 44

what does hemoglobin do

Answer 44

a protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body and returns carbon dioxide back to the lungs

Question 45

what WBC have an irregular segmented nuclei and have granules

Answer 45

granulocytes

Question 46

the cells of granulocytes are what

Answer 46

fully differentiated

Question 47

when there is an infection site what moves neutrophils to the site of infection

Answer 47

chemotaxis

Question 48

what is known as the crawling movement of WBC through a cell?

Answer 48

ameoboid movement

Question 49

when the actual WBC flattens and moves through he vascular wall into the interstitial tissue it is called

Answer 49

diapedesis

Question 50

wat are the other names for neutrophils

Answer 50

- neutrophilic granulocytes | - PMN or polys

Question 51

size of PMN

Answer 51

12 um ( twice the size of a red blood cell)

Question 52

what connects the lobes in the nucleus of the PNM

Answer 52

chromatin

Question 53

how many lobes can be found in very old polys

Answer 53

7 ( they increase with age)

Question 54

what are the major components of pus

Answer 54

dead neutrophils and tissue debris

Question 55

what is known to engulf and destroy antibody-antigen complexes

Answer 55

eosinophils

Question 56

heparn and histamine are vasoactive substances so they do what

Answer 56

they dilate the blood vessels allow more to leave them ( more permeable) leading to the swelling we see

Question 57

what do mast cells bind to

Answer 57

IGE

Question 58

what are the two MAST cells

Answer 58

hitamine and heparin

Question 59

what vasodilates the smooth muscle contraction ( bad for anaphlacxis, dilating lungs)

Answer 59

histamine

Question 60

heparine is what

Answer 60

an anticoagulant

Question 61

monocytes produce cytokines that do what

Answer 61

initiate inflammation

Question 62

the cytoplasm for monocytes is what color

Answer 62

pale blue!

Question 63

b cells become?

Answer 63

plasma cells (make antibodies)

Question 64

t cells do what

Answer 64

kill viral cells and make cytokines

Question 65

what are null cells

Answer 65

stem cells, natural killer cells

Question 66

what are known as the cell fragments from megakaryocte

Answer 66

platlets

Question 67

what is the outer region of the platlet called that doesnt stain

Answer 67

hyalomere

Question 68

what is the dense core of granules that stains bluish in a platelet called

Answer 68

granulomere

Question 69

alpha cells in platlets make

Answer 69

fibrinogen

Question 70

delta cells in platlets make

Answer 70

Ca2t, serotonin and ATP

Question 71

what is the count of platlets

Answer 71

250,000-500,000

Question 72

what does haemostasis mean? and what assists with it

Answer 72

arrest of bleeding platlets

Question 73

serotonin is a potent ?

Answer 73

vasconstrictor

Question 74

what do thrombocytes release?

Answer 74

serotonin, they clog walls of vessles

Question 75

when platelets become sticky and swell because they are in contact with the collagenous fibers in vessel walls it is called what

Answer 75

platelet plug or platelet thrombosis

Question 76

what are some reasons for thrombosis

Answer 76

- roughened vessel walls (atherosclerosis) | - slow moving blood " varicose veins"

Question 77

moving clot?

Answer 77

embolus

Question 78

what is something that is associated with low platelet count

Answer 78

thrombocytopenia