QUICK Urinary System

Question 1

what does renin do

Answer 1

influences blood pressure and concentration of sodium in body fluids

Question 2

what are the two things that the kidney makes

Answer 2

erythropoeitin and renin

Question 3

kidney is covered by adventitia or serosa?

Answer 3

adventitia

Question 4

what does the renal pelvis only contain

Answer 4

urine

Question 5

renal pelvis is continuous with what

Answer 5

the major calyx

Question 6

the glomerulus is the connection between what and what

Answer 6

blood and urine

Question 7

what is at the tip of the apex of the renal pyramid

Answer 7

area cribrosa

Question 8

where does the area cribrosa project

Answer 8

into the lumen of the minor calyx

Question 9

what makes up the pars recta

Answer 9

• collecting tubule
• thick descending
• thin limb
• thick ascending

Question 10

what makes up the pars convoluta

Answer 10

• glomerulus
• PCT
• DCT

Question 11

what makes up the renal lobe

Answer 11

renall pyramid and cortical tissue around it

Question 12

what are the medullary ray

Answer 12

straight tubules project from the base of the renal pyramid

Question 13

what makes up the renal lobule

Answer 13

a medullary ray and the cortical tissue around it

Question 14

all nephrons in a single lobule are drained by what

Answer 14

the same collecting tubules

Question 15

what makes up the uriniferous tubule

Answer 15

nephron and CD

Question 16

what are the two ways a nephron can be classified

Answer 16

• cortical ( mainly in the cortex)

- juxtamedullary ( longer and closer to medulla)

Question 17

which nephron usually has short loops of henley

Answer 17

cortical nephrons

Question 18

the more the nephron goes down into the medulla the more what it is

Answer 18

countercurrent ( exchange of thins between filtrate and blood)

Question 19

countercurrent mechanism allows for..

Answer 19

the urine to be hypertonic ( concentrated)

Question 20

what is similar to PCT

Answer 20

thick desceding limb

Question 21

what is similar to DCT

Answer 21

thick ascending limb

Question 22

the parietal layer of bowmans capsule is lined with what cell

Answer 22

simple squamous

Question 23

what is lined by modified squamous ( podocytes)

Answer 23

visceral layer

Question 24

visceral layer aka

Answer 24

glomerular epitherlium

Question 25

parietal layer aka?

Answer 25

capsular epithelium

Question 26

what is the shape of podocytes

Answer 26

stellate and unusual

Question 27

what do pedicels do with timilar process from adjacent podocytes

Answer 27

interdigitate

Question 28

how large are the fltration slits between the pedicels

Answer 28

20-30nm they are called slit pores

Question 29

what is the filamentous material on a slit pore

Answer 29

slit diaphragm

Question 30

what is the basil lamina usually

Answer 30

thick

Question 31

where is the basil lamina

Answer 31

between podocytes and endothelial cells

Question 32

where does most organelles appear in the endothelium

Answer 32

in the thicker regions

Question 33

what functions to filter the blood plasma

Answer 33

filtration barrier

Question 34

what is allowed to enter the capsular space from the filtration barrier

Answer 34

water ions small molecules

Question 35

what cannot enter the filtration barrier

Answer 35

- large protein (69,000 molecular weight) - cannot be negatively charged - shape

Question 36

what are the components of the fltration barrier

Answer 36

- fenestrated endothelum - filtration slits - basal lamina

Question 37

What phagocyts large protein molecules and debris

Answer 37

mesagnium

Question 38

mesangial cells have receptors for

Answer 38

angotensin 2 and atrial naturetic factor

Question 39

mesangial cells are modified

Answer 39

fibroblasts

Question 40

what makes up the JG apparatus

Answer 40

- JG cells of afferent and efferent arteriole - macula densa - extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 41

what are the 2 cell types in renal interstitium

Answer 41

fibroblasts and mononuclear cells

Question 42

in the medullar interstitum what is present along the descending vasa recta

Answer 42

pericytes

Question 43

where are vasa rectae present

Answer 43

in the juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 44

outermost layer of the cortex are drained by

Answer 44

superficial cortical veins and joins the stellate veins to empty into the interlobular and arcuate veins

Question 45

deep region of cortex are drained by

Answer 45

deep corticol veins

Question 46

the upper 2/3 of the ureter has

Answer 46

inner longitudinal outer circular `

Question 47

the lower 1/2 of the ureter has

Answer 47

inner longitudinal middle circular and outer longitudinal

Question 48

how does urine enter the bladder

Answer 48

in spurts

Question 49

what are the 3 dfferent male urethras

Answer 49

prostatic, membranous, and cavernous urethra

Question 50

what lines prostatic urethra

Answer 50

transitional

Question 51

what lines membranous and cavernosus urethra

Answer 51

pseudostratfeid or stratified columnar

Question 52

beneath the thin basement membrane of the subepithelial connective tissue in urethra you find?

Answer 52

mucous secreting glands of Littre

Question 53

muscularis in the urethra has whattwo layers of muscle

Answer 53

inner longitudinal and outer circular

Question 54

female urethra is lined by what epithelium

Answer 54

stratified squamous epithelium and has patches of pseudostratified columnar