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HISTO Block 3 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

what does the urinary system include

A
  • kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra
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2
Q

what does the urinary system do

A
  • clear blood of waste

- regulate the concentration of body fluid

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3
Q

what hormone does the kidney make

A

erythropoeitin ( stimulates erithrocytosis)

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4
Q

the kidney produces the enzyme renin, what does it do?

A

it influences blood pressure and the concentration of NA+ in the body fluids

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5
Q

what is the location of the kidneys

A

they are retroperitoneal, and are on the posterior abdominal wall

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6
Q

wat is the concavity on the medial border of the kidney where arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves, and renal pelvis are

A

Hilus

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7
Q

what is the central cavity of the kidney that has fat

A

renal sinus

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8
Q

the hilus is continuos with..

A

the renal sinus

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9
Q

what is the funnel shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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10
Q

what is the renal pelvis continuos wit

A

the major calyxx, which divide into the minor calyxx

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11
Q

what are the two main parts of the kidney

A

cortex and medulla

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12
Q

where does the renal pelvis come from

A

medulla

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13
Q

what is another name for renal column

A

renal column of Bertin

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14
Q

what are the major components of the medulla

A

renal pyramids

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15
Q

what does the apex of the pyramid face

A

hilum

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16
Q

where does the base of the renal pyramid face

A

the cortex

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17
Q

what are the cortical extensions in between the pyramids

A

the renal columns of Bertin

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18
Q

what are the medullary rays

A

straight lines of extension on the base of the renal pyramid into the cortex

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19
Q

what thing helps to regulate the blood pressure

A

renin

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20
Q

what do the kidneys sit against

A

the posterior abdomen wall

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21
Q

what is the concavity on the medial border of the kidney where the arteries and veins, lymphatics, nerves and renal pelvis are? what is this place called

A

Hilus

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22
Q

what is the central cavity that is continuos with the renal cavity and is filled with fat

A

the renal pelvis

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23
Q

what is the funnel shaped expansion at the upper end of the ureter

A

the renal pelvis

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24
Q

what is the renal pelvis continuos with

A

the major calyxx

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25
where are the apex of the pyramid located
in the medulla
26
where is the base of the renal pyramid
in the cortex
27
what is the cortical extension in between the renal pyramid
the renal column of Bertin
28
what are the straight line extensions on the base of the renal pyramid into the cortex
medullary ray
29
the nephron is a component of what
uriniferous tubule
30
what makes up the renal corpuscle
the glomerulus and the bowman's capsule
31
where is the papillary duct of Belini
it is where the duct opens at the apex of the renal pyramid
32
what is the largest duct of the kidney
papillary duct of Belini
33
the collecting tubules come together to make what
the papillary duct of Belini
34
what comprises most of the cortex
- renal corpuscle | - convoluted tubules
35
what is the perforated tip of the renal papilla that projects into the lumen
area cribosa
36
what makes up the pars recta
- collecting duct | - thick descending and ascending limb
37
what is in a renal lobe
renal pyramid and its cortical tissue ( renal column)
38
what are the group of straight tubules that project into the cortex from the base of the renal pyramids
medullary rays
39
what consist of the medullary ray at the center and he close cortical tissue around it
renal lobule ( the distance from one medullary ray to the next)
40
all nephrons in a single lobule are drained by different or the same collecting duct?
the same one
41
what are the two different ways the nephron can be classified
- cortical | - juxtamedullary
42
what is the deciding factor for if a nephron is cortical or juxtamedullary
the location of the renal corpuscle
43
cortical nephrons usually posses what?
short loops of Henle
44
the long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla are responsible for what
by using a countercurrent mechanism, establishing the interstitial concentration gradient for urine
45
what has the same histological background as the PCT
thick descending limb of Henle
46
what has the same histological background as the DCT
thick ascending limb of henle
47
what is the only frenistrated capillary with no diaphragm
the glomerulus
48
what is the glomerulus lined with
endothelial cells
49
what is known as the capillary tuft in the renal corpuscle
glomerulus
50
what is the epitheliem of the parietal layer of the bowmans capsule (parietal layer)
simple squamous
51
the parietal layer of the bowmans capsule is also called
capsular epithelium
52
what is the epithelial layer that invest the glomerular capillaries
visceral layer
53
what is the epithelium of the visceral layer of bowman's capsule called?
modified simple squamous ( glomerular epithelium)
54
what is another name for the "modified" simple squamous that lines the visceral layer in the bowmans capsule
podocytes
55
what are cells that are inside of the afferent arteriole going into the glomerulus that are modified smooth muscle?
juxtaglomerular cells
56
bowman's space is also known as
urinary space
57
what line the proximal convoluted tubule and make it so absorption can happen ( they are very long in the PCT)
microvilli
58
what lines the DCT and helps in the concentration of sodium chloride and secretes paracine to the adjacent afferent arterioles to decrease glomerular filtration
macula densa
59
what is the narrow chalice-shaped cavity that is between the visceral and parietal epithelial layers
Bowman's Space | Capsular Space
60
what enters and leaves in the vascular pole of the bowman's capsule
efferent and afferent arterioles
61
what does the capsule becomes continuous with in the urinary pole of the bowman's capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
62
what are the modified simple squamous cells that line the the visceral layer
podocytes
63
what does glomerular epithelium refer too
the podocytes in the visceral layer of the bowman's capsule
64
what do the podocytes have that come in contact with the glomerulus
primary process that give rise to secondary process
65
what is the name for the secondary foot process called of podocytes
pedicels
66
the space between two pediciles has what
diaphragm
67
does the glomerulus have diaphragms?
no
68
where are filtration slits and what is their width?
filtration slits, the width is 20-30nm
69
what is the slit diaphragm
it is the filamentous layer of material that covers the slit pore ( filtration slit) between pedicels
70
podocytes in the surface of bowmans space has a protein coating called
podocalyxin
71
what does podocalyxin stain with
catatonic dyes
72
what is said to maintain the organization and shape of the pedicels
podocalyxin
73
how thick is the basil lamina of glomerulus
.1-.15 um
74
where is the basal lamina located
in between the podocytes and the endothelial cells of the glomerus
75
what are the three zones of the basal lamina
- lamina rara externa - lamina rara interna - lamina densa
76
what region is the electron lucent region adjacent to the capillary endothelium
lamina rara interna
77
what will stain lighter lamina rara densa or rara externa
the lamina rara densa
78
what is the epithelum like that lines the capillaries ( glomerulus)
thin and frenistrated
79
what is the diameter of the frensitrations on the glomerulus capillaries
60-90nm
80
what are the components of the filtration barrier
- capillary with frenistration - lamina rara externa ( close to podocyte ) - fused lamina densa - lamina rara interna ( clode to glomerulus)
81
what functions to filter the blood plasma and is inside the renal corpuscle
filtration barrier
82
what does the filtration barrier permit to enter the capsular space
- water - ions - small molecules
83
what size proteins does the filtration barrier not let into the capsular space
protein molecules that weigh more then 69,000
84
what charged proteins will the filtration barrier not let into the capsular space
negatively charged ones
85
what are the 3 main components of the filtration barrier
- frenistrated endothelium - basal lamina - filtration slits
86
what part of the filtration barrier is responsible for filtration selectivity?
the glomerular basal lamina
87
what is the difference between urine and plasma
urine has impurities
88
is it normal to see protein in pee
yes, as long as they are not really large
89
what is an example of a large protein that should not be in urine
albumin
90
3 things that determine if a protein will pass through the filtration barrier
- size - negativity - shape
91
the interstitial spaces of the glomerulus between capillaries belongs to
mesangium
92
what do phagocytic mesangeial cells do
they phagocyte large protein molecules and debris
93
what receptors do mesangial cells have
- angiotenin 2 | - atrial natriuretic factor
94
what regulates blood flow in the capillaries
mesangial cells
95
what is the longest segment of the nephron
PCT
96
what is the first place to pick up unwanted proteins and absorb them
PCT ( protein absoprtion)

HISTO Block 3 (7 decks)

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