Respiratory System

Question 1

two portions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

conducting portion

respiratory portion

Question 2

which portion is important for gas exchange?

Answer 2

respiratory

Question 3

which portion is responsible for bringing air to the tissues

Answer 3

conducting portion

Question 4

the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronciholes, and terminal bronchioles belong to..

Answer 4

conducting system

Question 5

what do the structures in the conducting portion do to air

Answer 5

they moisten and warm it because air from the atmosphere must be changed to fit our bodies

Question 6

respiratory bronchioles, alveoar sacs, ducts, and alveoli are all part of..

Answer 6

respiratory portion

Question 7

what are intrapulmonary and contain alveoli?

Answer 7

structures in the respiratory system

Question 8

without alveoli what happen?

Answer 8

no gas exchange!!

Question 9

what is the first main opening of the nasal cavity

Answer 9

vestibule

Question 10

what is the skeleton of the vestibule?

Answer 10

hyaline cartilage

Question 11

what are the glands in the vestibule

Answer 11

sebaccous and sweat glands

Question 12

what is the epithelum of the vestibule

Answer 12

stratified squamous keratinized

Question 13

cilia in vesitbule?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

golbet cells in vestibule?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what are the vibrissae that are in the vestibule?

Answer 15

small hairs that catch dust

Question 16

what are nares

Answer 16

they are nostrils whose outermost portions are lined by extensions of skin

Question 17

after the lining of the vestibule is stratified squamous keratinized what does it change to in the respiratory and olfactory sections of the nasal cavity

Answer 17

respiratory epithelium

Question 18

the lamina propria is vascular why in the respiratory part of the nasal cavity

Answer 18

because it has long venous plexuses so that it is able to effectively warm the air coming in

Question 19

olfactory epithelium is where

Answer 19

on the roof of the nasal cavity on either side of the nasal septum

Question 20

what are the three cell types in the olfactory section of the nasal cavity

Answer 20

• olfactory cells
• supporting cells
• basal cells

Question 21

what are known as bipolar nerve cells and are characterized by boulbous projections and have modified cila extensions

Answer 21

olfacatory cells

Question 22

what act as receptors in olfactory cells and are nonmotile

Answer 22

olfactory cilia

Question 23

the proximla 1/3 of the olfactory cilia contains what kind of axoneme

Answer 23

the typical on

9 doubletws and 2 singles

Question 24

the distal 2/3 of the olfacotry cilia has what kind of axoneme

Answer 24

9 peripheral singlets and 2 central singlets

Question 25

supportin cells are also called?

Answer 25

sustentacular cells

Question 26

what cells in the olfactory section posess muclei that are more apically located than the other two cells

Answer 26

sustentacular cells aka. supporting

Question 27

what cells have prominent microvilli and a prominent terminal web

Answer 27

the sustentacular cells

Question 28

what olfactory cell group rests on the basal lamina and do not extend to the surface , they also for an incomplete layer of cells

Answer 28

the basal cells

Question 29

which of the 3 olfactory cells are believed to be regenerative for all three-cell types

Answer 29

basal cells (they serve as stem cells)

Question 30

what does the lamina propria in the olfactory mucosa have

Answer 30

- bowman's glands - many veins - unmyelinated nerves

Question 31

what connects the pharynx to the trachea

Answer 31

the larynx

Question 32

what is the skeleton of the larynx made of?

Answer 32

hyaline cartilages and elastic cartilages

Question 33

what has striated muscles in the wall and also has connective tissues with glands

Answer 33

larynx

Question 34

what provides the means for sounds of different frequencies to be produced?

Answer 34

vocal cords

Question 35

which vocal cords have skeletal muscle (vocalis), vocal ligament and a covering of stratified squamous nonkeratinzed epithelium

Answer 35

true vocal cords

Question 36

what is formed by a band of elastic fibers

Answer 36

vocal ligament

Question 37

why are the true vocal cords covered by stratified sqaumous nonkeratinized epithelium

Answer 37

because there is frequent movement in these vocal cords

Question 38

when does the epithelium change to respiratory epitherlium/

Answer 38

at the base of the epiglottis after the vocal cords

Question 39

what lines air passages down through trachea and primary bronchi

Answer 39

respiratory epithelium

Question 40

what are also known as false vocal cord

Answer 40

vestibular fold

Question 41

what lies superior to the true vocal cord

Answer 41

vestibular vocal cord

Question 42

what is the vestibular fold

Answer 42

it is a fold of loose connective tissue that has glands and lymphoid aggregateions

Question 43

what is the false vocal cord covered with

Answer 43

resp. epithelium

Question 44

what supports the walls of the trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi?

Answer 44

hylaine cartilage

Question 45

what is the hyaline cartilage like in the trachea

Answer 45

c shaped and open posteriorly

Question 46

what runs in the open posterior location of the hyaline cartilage in the trachea

Answer 46

trachealis muscle

Question 47

what does the trachialis do

Answer 47

helps to prevent over distension during inhilation

Question 48

what is superior and inferior to the hylain catrilage c shaped rings

Answer 48

fibroelastic CT, helps to elongate the trachea durring inhalation

Question 49

what are the 4 cell types in respiratory epithelium

Answer 49

- ciliated cells - mucous cells(small mucous cell and mature goblet cells) - enteroendocrine cells ( APUD)

Question 50

in the ciliated cell of the resp. epith. the cilia do what

Answer 50

protect the lungs from being damaged if something in inhaled specifically it traps the material and the goblet cells make mucous and send the partical to the mouth

Question 51

what has long, activley motile extensions that beat towards the pharynx

Answer 51

ciliated cells ( thier cilia)

Question 52

ciliated cells contain microvilli as well, why?

Answer 52

so that fluid can be absorbed and not clog the airway

Question 53

what are the two types of mucous cells in resp. epith?

Answer 53

- small mucous granule cells " brush cell" | - mature goblet cells

Question 54

why are small mucous cells sometimes called brush cells

Answer 54

because of the many microvili they have

Question 55

what activley divide and may be able to replace desquamated cells, might be able to become a goblet cell

Answer 55

brush cells

Question 56

wat has small numbers of mucous granules

Answer 56

brush cells

Question 57

what is filled with large mucous droplets that are secreted to trap inhaled particles

Answer 57

goblet cells

Question 58

what cells rest on the basal lamina and DO NOT extend to the lumen? these are the cells that make the epithelium pseudostratifed

Answer 58

short basal cells STEM

Question 59

what resp. epith cells can divide

Answer 59

short basal cells

Question 60

what cells have many small granules in their basal cytoplas

Answer 60

APUD | enteroendocrine cells

Question 61

what cells participate in paracrine regualtion on other cells

Answer 61

APUD cells

Question 62

what is it called when a cell ( APUD) regulates a cell next to it

Answer 62

pararcrine regulation

Question 63

various enteroendocrine cells synthesize what

Answer 63

different polypeptide hormones

Question 64

what is the thick layer that underlies the epithelium

Answer 64

basement membrane

Question 65

the thin layer that lies under te basment membrane is called

Answer 65

lamina propria

Question 66

what separates the lamina propria from the submucosa

Answer 66

elastic fibers that run longitudinally

Question 67

what kind of glands are in the submucosa of the trachea

Answer 67

seromucous glands

Question 68

what forms the outer layer of the trachea

Answer 68

adventita, which has c shaped hyaline cartilage

Question 69

intapulmonary bronchi is also called what

Answer 69

secondary bronchi

Question 70

what arises from the subdivision of the primary bronchi and divide many times

Answer 70

intrapulmonary bronchi

Question 71

what is in the walls of the intrapulmonary bronchi

Answer 71

irregular cartilage plates

Question 72

lumen of intrapulmonary bronchi is lined by?

Answer 72

resp. ept

Question 73

what seperates the lamina propria from the submucousa in the intrapulmonary bronchi

Answer 73

layers of spiraling smooth muscle

Question 74

glands in the submucosa of the intrapulmonary bronchi are

Answer 74

seramucous