Blood Physiology End Flashcards
(14 cards)
Unlike the ABO system antibodies, anti-Rh antibodies do not…..?
spontaneously form in the blood of Rh negative individuals. •
What happens if an Rh negative person receives Rh positive blood?
the immune system becomes sensitized and begins producing anti-Rh antibodies against the foreign
antigen soon after the transfusion
Why doesn’t hemolysis occur after the first such transfusion?
because it takes time for the body to react and start making antibodies.
What happens to pregnant Rh negative women who are carrying Rh positive babies.
The first such pregnancy usually results in the delivery of a healthy baby. But, when bleeding occurs as the placenta detaches from the uterus, the mother may be sensitized by her baby’s Rh positive antigens that pass into her bloodstream.
What happens to pregnant Rh negative women who have carried Rh positive babies who don’t get treated and get pregnant agai with an Rh positive baby?
her antibodies will cross through the placenta and destroy the baby’s RBCs, producing a condition known as hemolytic disease of the newborn, or erythroblastosis fetalis
. • The baby becomes anemic and hypoxic. In severe cases, brain damage and even death may result.
What happens when mismatched blood is infused?
a transfusion reaction occurs in which the recipient’s plasma agglutinins attack the donor’s red blood cells
When mismatched blood is infused…
the donor’s plasma antibodies may also agglutinate the recipient’s RBCs, but these antibodies are so diluted in the recipient’s circulation that this does not usually present a
problem.
What happens if blood from a type A donor is administered to a patient with type B blood
the anti-A IgM antibodies in the recipient bind to and agglutinate the incoming donor type A red blood cells. The bound anti-A antibodies activate the classical complement cascade, resulting in destruction of the donor red blood cells.
What does the debris from damaged and destroyed RBC’s occlude?
can occlude blood vessels in the alveoli of the lungs and the glomeruli of the kidneys.
What happens Within 1 to 24 hours of an incompatible transfusion?
the patient experiences fever, chills, pruritus (itching), urticaria (hives), dyspnea, hemoglobinuria (hemoglobin in the urine), and hypotension (low blood pressure). In the most serious reactions, dangerously low blood pressure can lead to shock, multi-organ failure, and death of the patient.
What happens When serum containing anti-A or anti-B agglutinins is added to a blood sample diluted with saline?
agglutination will occur between the
agglutinin and the corresponding agglutinogen.(A or B)
What must be done Before transfusion of blood?
the blood of the donor and recipient must be tested for incompatibilities directly by the procedure called cross-matching
What is Major Cross Match?
involves testing the donor’s red cells with recipient’s serum to determine the presence of any antibody which may cause hemolysis or agglutination of donor red cells.
What is Minor Cross Match?
• It involves testing of donor’s plasma with recipient’s red cells to determine the presence of any antibody which may cause hemolysis or agglutination of recipient’s red cells.
