Blood Physiology Part 2 Flashcards
(41 cards)
How does the density and viscosity of blood compare to water?
Blood is more dense than water and about five times more viscous, largely because of the blood cells.
What is the normal pH range of blood?
Blood is slightly alkaline, with a pH between 7.35 and 7.45.
What percentage of body weight does blood account for?
Approximately 7%–8% of body weight.
What is the average blood volume in healthy adult males and females?
• Males: 5–6 liters
• Females: 4–5 liters
What percentage of body weight does blood account for?
Approximately 7%–8% of body weight.
What is osmotic pressure?
The ability of a fluid to hold or attract water.
What determines osmotic pressure?
Osmotic pressure depends only on the number of solute molecules or ions, NOT their chemical composition and size.
What is the osmolarity for 1M glucose and 1M NaCl?
•1M glucose = 1 Osm
• 1M NaCl = 2 Osm
What is the approximate plasma osmotic pressure (osmolarity)?
About 300 mOsm/L.
What generates crystalloid and colloid osmotic pressure in plasma?
• Crystalloid osmotic pressure (~298.5 mOsm/L) is mainly generated by NaCl.
• Colloid osmotic pressure (~1.5 mOsm/L) is mainly generated by albumins.
What is the role of crystalloid osmotic pressure?
maintains fluid balance across cell membranes and helps maintain the normal morphology of blood cells.
What is the permeability of the plasma membrane?
Plasma membrane is permeable to water (H₂O) but impermeable to crystalloids (like NaCl).
What happens to cells in a hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solution?
• Hypertonic: Cell shrinks
• Isotonic: No change in cell volume
• Hypotonic: Cell swells
What is the role of colloid osmotic pressure?
It is important in fluid transfer across capillaries and helps maintain the volume of interstitial fluid.
What is the permeability of blood vessel walls regarding water, NaCl, and proteins?
Blood vessel walls are permeable to H₂O and NaCl, but impermeable to proteins (like albumins).
What effect does decreased serum protein have on osmotic pressure and fluid distribution?
Decreased serum protein reduces the osmotic pressure of the blood, leading to a loss of fluid from the intravascular compartment to the interstitial tissues, resulting in edema.
What give rise to the two major cell lineages of progenitor cells?
The rare pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells divide slowly, maintain their own population
What does the myeloid lineage include?
precursor cells (blasts) for erythropoiesis, thrombopoiesis, granulopoiesis, and monocytopoiesis,
all in the bone marrow. •
What does the lymphoid lineage form?
BandT lymphocytes and related cells called natural killer cells, with the later differentiative stages occurring in lymphoid organs .
What are the two main lineages of progenitor stem cells in the bone marrow?
The myeloid lineage and the lymphoid lineage.
What is the characteristics of erythrocytes?
•Erythrocytes are devoid of a nucleus and have the shape of a biconcave lens
• Erythrocyte is about 7.5 um in diameter and 2.5 um thick.
• Erythrocytes contain large amounts of the protein hemoglobin
What does the biconcave shape provide?
a large surface-to-volume ratio and
facilitates gas exchange.
What is the normal concentration of red blood cells ?
approximately 3.9-5.5 x 1012/L in women
and 4.1-6.0 x 1012/L in men.
What is the major function of erythrocytes?
The major function of erythrocytes is gas transport; they carry oxygen taken in by the lungs and carbon
dioxide produced by the cells.
