Blood, sensory and motor nerve supply of the lower limb

Question 1

Which vein takes blood from groin to external leg?

Answer 1

External iliac vein

Question 2

What happens to the external iliac vein at the groin crease?

Answer 2

Splits into common and deep femoral artery

Question 3

Are perineal and fibular the same thing?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What is claudication?

Answer 4

Pain/limp caused by poor blood flow to limb

Question 5

Which arteries are used to test blood gases?

Answer 5

Femoral

Question 6

Where do popliteal vessels stem from?

Answer 6

Popliteal fossa

Question 7

Where can you feel pulse?

Answer 7

Tibial arteries

Question 8

Where does the saphenous vein run?

Answer 8

Malleolus to femur

Question 9

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

Answer 9

Quads, long saphenous vein adductors and hamstrings

Question 10

Why are femoral shaft fractures dangerous?

Answer 10

Lose a lot of blood

Question 11

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment?

Answer 11

Sartorius and 4 quads

Question 12

What are the four heads of the quads?

Answer 12

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

Question 13

Which nerve supplies anterior compartment?

Answer 13

Femoral

Question 14

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment?

Answer 14

Profunda

Question 15

What is the common femoral artery made up of?

Answer 15

Superficial and deep

Question 16

What are compartments in the thigh separated by?

Answer 16

Fascias

Question 17

What is a grade 1 injury?

Answer 17

Mild strain

Question 18

What is a grade 2 injury?

Answer 18

Partial muscle tear

Question 19

What is a grade 3 injury?

Answer 19

Severe muscle tear

Question 20

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 20

Sciatic nerve

Question 21

Which artery provides blood flow to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 21

Profunda femoris artery

Question 22

What does the medial compartment of the thigh do?

Answer 22

Adduction

Question 23

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 23

Obturator

Question 24

Which artery provides blood flow to the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 24

Profunda femoris/obturator

Question 25

What does the sciatic nerve divide into in the leg?

Answer 25

Tibial and common fibial nerves

Question 26

What causes a foot drop?

Answer 26

Squashed common peroneal nerve

Question 27

What does the posterior artery divide into in the foot?

Answer 27

Plantar arteries

Question 28

What does the anterior compartment of the leg do?

Answer 28

Dorsiflex/extension

Question 29

Which artery provides blood to the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 29

Anterior tibial

Question 30

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 30

Deep peroneal/fibular nerve

Question 31

Which artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 31

Fibular

Question 32

Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 32

Superficial peroneal/fibular nerve

Question 33

What does the posterior compartment of the leg do?

Answer 33

Plantar flex

Question 34

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 34

Tibial nerve

Question 35

Which artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 35

Posterior tibial

Question 36

Why are fascias prone to increased intracompartmental pressure?

Answer 36

Infection with pus formation, inflammation, bleeding after fracture and severe burns/trauma

Question 37

How does Volksmann's ischaemic contracture form?

Answer 37

Missed compartment syndrome in forearm following debridement

Question 38

What do the lumbar nerves L1 to L4 supply?

Answer 38

Supply lower abdominal wall, anterior and medial thigh (sensory and motor)

Question 39

What is the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 39

Hole through which nerves emerge

Question 40

What do the nerves L4 to S4 supply?

Answer 40

Buttock, lower limb, pelvis and perineum

Question 41

Which nerve is most commonly injured with a misplaced injection?

Answer 41

Sciatic

Question 42

Symptoms of nerve damage

Answer 42

Burning, pins and needles numbness, altered sensation

Question 43

What is a myotome?

Answer 43

Group of muscles innervated by same spinal nerve

Question 44

What does L2 do?

Answer 44

Hip flexion

Question 45

What does L3 do?

Answer 45

Knee extension

Question 46

What does L4 do?

Answer 46

Dorsiflexion

Question 47

What does L5 do?

Answer 47

Great toe extension

Question 48

What does S1 do?

Answer 48

Planter flexion/eversion/hip extension

Question 49

What does S2 do?

Answer 49

Knee flexion

Question 50

Symptoms of S1 weakness

Answer 50

Limp - affect calf muscles and muscle surrounding ankle

Question 51

Symptoms of L5 weakness

Answer 51

Impacts ability to lift big toe (tripping over)

Question 52

Symptoms of L4 weakness

Answer 52

Foot drop - affects muscles that lift foot