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Neuro > Blood supply of the brain > Flashcards

Blood supply of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

importance of blood to the brain

A
  • The adult brain requires 750 mL(1 quart) of oxygenated every minute to maintain normal activity
  • 20% of arterial oxygen is consumed by the brain
  • Cessation of blood flow for 5-10 sec temporarily changes neural activity
  • As little as 5 minutes without blood flow to the brain can cause irreversible neuronal damage
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2
Q

Blood to the Brain is Carried out by 2 Pairs of Arteries

A 
•Internal Carotid
–“Anterior Circulation”
•75% of CVAsoccur here (strokes)
•Vertebral
–“Posterior Circulation”
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3
Q

Internal Carotid Artery Carries the Anterior Circulation

A

•One of the two terminal branches of the common carotid
•It has cervical, petrous, cavernous, and cerebral parts
–The cerebral part gives off the ophthalmic artery
•Terminates by dividing into ACA and MCA

gives off hypophyseal artery

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4
Q

foramen lucerum ICA

A

is where it gets all funky

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5
Q

cavernous ICA

A

region where occulomotor nerve runs also

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6
Q

internal carotid branches

A 
–Anterior Cerebral
–Middle Cerebral
–Ophthalmic
–Hypophyseal
–Anterior Choroidal
–Posterior Communicating
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7
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

ACA covers medial surface of the cerebral cortex

Recurrent artery of Heubner, goes inside the brain to the subcortical

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8
Q

middle cerebral artery

A

75% of lateral surface is covered by the medial artery

Lencticulostriate

lateral surface of frontal parietal and temporal lobe

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9
Q

what artery has branches in the isle of reil

A

MCA

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10
Q

arteries of sudden death

A

MCA and ACA gives rise to

lateral lentidulostriate

medial lenticulostriate

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11
Q

Vertebro-basilar system

A

most likely to have a surviving stroke in anterior circulation

posterior circ has arteries going to brainstem and you die if you stop it

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12
Q

Basilar artery

A

ends by dividing into the posterior cerebral arteries(PCA) at the superior end of the pons. The basilar artery also gives
–superior cerebellarartery
–pontinearteries
–labyrinthine artery
–anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

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13
Q

labyrinthine artery

A

can come from a lot of places

goes to inner ear, vesitbular apparatus and cochlea

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14
Q

vertebral arteries

A

Vertebral arteries enter the foramen magnum and unite at the caudal end of the pons to form the basilar artery

posterior circulation

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15
Q

Circle of Willis Connects the Anterior and Posterior Circulations

A

Also, helps prevent complete blockage if one area is blocked
–Internal carotid artery circulation can use contralateralcirculation

But only about ½ these circles look like they do. Lots of anatomical variation here.

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16
Q

posterior cerebral

A

basilar branch

supplies mostly medial portion or temporal and occipital

supplies ventral surgace of temporal lobes and crus cereri (carries upper motor neurons) or cerebral pudencles of midbrain

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17
Q

thalamoperforating arteries

A

from pca also supply the thalamus

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18
Q

radicular arteries

A

supply spinal cord

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19
Q

artery of adamkiewicz

A

great ventral radicular artery

most important radicular

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20
Q

lateral lenticulostriates

A

from mca

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21
Q

lenticulostriates

A

supply basal ganglia

22
Q

medial lenticulostriates

A

from aca

23
Q

thalamoperforating arteries

A

from posterior cerebral

24
Q

midbrain is supplied by

A

posterior cerebral

25
Q

soft spots in arteries

A

come from where the artery changes or branches

good chance of hemorrhage

26
Q

cerebrovascular accidents are concentrated

A

at branchpoints in ant circulation

27
Q

infarct (umbra)

A 
necrosis of tissue due to lack of blood supply
uncontrolled cell death
black on ct
beyond repair
from stroke
28
Q

prenumbra

A 
peri-infarct zone
apoptosis
controlled cell death
possible recovery
grey still have hope
from stroke
29
Q

symptoms from aca stroke

A

weakness and paralysis opposite and lower half of body

bladder dysfunction

30
Q

aca stroke around corpus colloum

A

can you drive with one eye open?

31
Q

symptoms from pca storke

A

occipital lobe
cant see contralaterally
hemianopsia

32
Q

mca stroke symptoms

A

hemiparesis (with or without hemisensory deficit) mainly affecting the arm and face wernickes aphasia

33
Q

angiography

A

suspected stroke or hematoma

34
Q

increase neural activity

A

increase metabolism, see by glucose uptake (PET) or o2 uptake (fMRI)

35
Q

the bold signale

A

fMRI, blood oxygen diff.

inactivated at first then activate and see the difference

36
Q

BBB

A
  1. controls molecular traffic, keeps out toxins
  2. contributes to ion homeostasis for optimal neural signaling (main reason so ap do not get messed upped
  3. maintains low protein environment in CNS, limits proliferation, preserves neural connectivity
  4. separates central and peripheral neurotransmitter pools, reduces cross-talk, allows non-synaptic signaling in CNS
  5. allows immune surveillance and response with minimal inflammation and cell damage.
37
Q

what can get through bbb tight junctions

A

oxygen

38
Q

where is bbb?

A

capillaries
corpus callosum
arachnoid

39
Q

tancytes

A

specialized ependymal cells that line the ventricles around CVOs

40
Q

parts w/0 bbb overview

A

so we can detect toxins, cell conc, o2, measure things in blood.
sometimes open sometimes not

41
Q

areas w/o bbb

A
  1. subfornical organ - blood osmolarity
  2. organ vasculosum - salt
  3. median eminence - hormones
  4. area postrema - hormones, detects toxins, vomiting
42
Q

venous drainage of brain

A
  • Thin-walled vessels in the subarachnoid space with no valves or muscle layer.
  • Pierce the arachnoid mater and meningeal layer of the duramater to drain into the duralvenous sinuses.
43
Q

trolard

A

connect the superior and inferior sagittal sinus’

44
Q

labbe

A

drains into the transverse sinus’

45
Q

superficial cerebral veins drains into the

A

superior saggital sinus

46
Q

deep cerebral veins drain into

A

straight sinus

47
Q

internal cerebral vein

A

deep veins drain here thento great cerebral vein of galen

48
Q

basal vein

A

ACTUALLY a superficial vein. HUGE variations in venous anatomy (hypoplasias)…most consistent in the deep cerebral veins

49
Q

venous drainage of medial cortex

A

Thalamostriate-septal meet internal c v at the venous angle, providing a landmark..Basal vein connects cavernous sinus and spheonparietal sinus to great vein of gale—straight sinus

50
Q

superior petrosal veins

A

on lateral cerebellum drain to transverse sinus

51
Q

pontine veins

A

anteromedian, anterolateral, and transverse

52
Q

spinal cord veins

A

anterior and posterior spinal and radicular veins

Neuro (10 decks)

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