Ascending pathways of brainstem Flashcards by Bryce Harmon

3 portions of GSA inut for trigeminal sensory nuclear complex

mesencephelic nucleus
principal trigeminal or main nucleus
spinal trigeminal nucleus

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spinal ncuelus of trigemina

nucleus oralis - mouth
nucleus interpolaris - mouth
nucleus caudalis

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opthalmic

V(1)

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maxillary

V(2)

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madibular

V(3)

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Main sensory nucleus

Pons
vibrotactile discrimination
chief sensory nucleus
like nucleus gracilis or cuneatus

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Spinal trigeminal

medulla
pain, temperature, down to cervical cored
nucleus causalis

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Mesencephalic

midbrain
proprioceptive
psuedounipolar

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ventral trigeminotholamic (spinotrigeminal) tract transmits

nociceptive info of head

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all trigeminal nerves come into

pons

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VentralTrigeminothalamictract type of ingo

pain temp

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VentralTrigeminothalamictract point of origin and receptors

free nerve ending (trpV channels) skin, viscera and muscles

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VentralTrigeminothalamictract cell bodies

trigeminal/semilunar/gasserian nucleus

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VentralTrigeminothalamictract enters and travels

Pons, descends to spinal trigeminal nucleusof medulla via the spinal trigeminal tract

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VentralTrigeminothalamictract decussates

Internal arcuatefibers ventral to spinal trigeminal nucleus in medulla (travels with anterolateralsystem)

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VentralTrigeminothalamictract first synapes

spinal trigeminal nucleus (somatotopic organization)

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VentralTrigeminothalamictract second synapse

ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) of thalamus

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VentralTrigeminothalamictract final destination

Primary somatosensory cortex (via internal capsule and corona radiate)

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orientation of trigeminal fibers in spinal trigeminal nuclei

lateral to mideal V123

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order of trigeminal fibers in vpm

v321 medial to lateral

The Spinal Trigeminal Tract also carries fibers from 3 additional cranial nerves

•CN VII
–Ear (small portion)
•CN IX
–Ext. auditory meatus
–Back of ear
•CN X
–External ear

trigeminal neuralgia

“tic douloureux”
Most common in maxillary div
Vascular compression
Right side more commonly affected

hyperctivity of nociocerptor neurons feeding into spinal trigeminal nucleus

nociceptive input of meninges

diff. branches of V
don’t feel pain in brain just dura so most of the pain is reffered pain
lateral aspects goes to maxillary and mandibular the rest goes to the eyes

The trigeminocardiacreflex can be carried via the spinotrigeminaltract

–Duringneurosurgery, complication from massive parasympatheticresponse:
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Respiration Rate

cold water on face, diving reflex, worse in childre

MSN/ML and Dorsal Trigeminothalamictract type of info

Tactile discrimination, Point of origin, receptors involved: Meissner’s corpuscles, merkel’sdisks, paciniancorpuscles, ruffini’sendings

MSN/ML and Dorsal Trigeminothalamictract cell bodies

trigeminal/semilunar/gasserian

MSN/ML and Dorsal Trigeminothalamictract first synapse

main sensory nucleus

MSN/ML and Dorsal Trigeminothalamictract enters and travels

pons, ascend contralaterally (for face) and ipsilaterally (for oral cavity)

MSN/ML and Dorsal Trigeminothalamictract decussates

in pons, ascends with medial lemniscus

MSN/ML and Dorsal Trigeminothalamictract second synapse

ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) of thalamus

MSN/ML and Dorsal Trigeminothalamictract final destinatino

primary somatosensory cortex (via interal capsul and corona radiata

basic touch info of the head ascends

bilaterally in 2 pathways

oral cavity ascends

ipsilaterally

head ascends

contralaterally

Trigeminocerebellar tract type of info

unconscious proprception of head

Trigeminocerebellar tract point of origin and receptors

muscle spindles gto in muscles joints and tendons

Trigeminocerebellar tract cell bodies

mesencephalic nucleus

Trigeminocerebellar tract first synapse

cerebellum

Trigeminocerebellar tract enters and travels

enters pons ascend to mesencephalic nucelus

Trigeminocerebellar tract decussates

unknown

Trigeminocerebellar tract second synapse

vermis of cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle

Trigeminocerebellar tract final destination

deep cerebellar nuclei (via purkinje cells)

proprioceptive input enters the brain at the pons and ascends to

midbrain

From the Mes. NucV:

* Cerebellum (Proprioceptive) * Vestibular nuclei (proprioceptive, reflex) * Reticular formation (change behavioral state) * Motor nucleus of V (Jaw-jerk reflex) * Facial motor nucleus (Primary-gaze frontalisreflex)

proprioceptive reflex arc to face important for

1) Important in preventing Ptosis | 2) Important for raising eyebrows

voluntary eye opening

when voluntary open eyes no muscle spindles specialized mechanoreceptor(acts like spindle in wheelers muscle above eyelid wheelers muscle sends axons back to mesocephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve when we voluntarily open eyre through this same axon loops around and goes to occulomotor nucleus and activates levator palpebrae to open eye more other place it goes is facial motor nucleus to activated frontalis muscle

yayoi-derived trait

eyebrows raised in primary gaze from asia no superior palpebral fold for retaining heat primary gaze affected so they have more frontalis and a higher arch above eye ligament keeps eyes a little closed

jomon-derived trait

eyebrows not raised in primary gaze western eye like native americans have palperbral fold

lateral meduallry (wallenbergs) syndrom

•Stroke of the PICAleads to, (among other symptoms) –Ipsilateralloss of Pain/Temp in the face –Contralateralloss of Pain/Temp in the body –Horner’s Syndrome