BM 1 Information Flashcards
(27 cards)
What role did the Catholic Church play in the daily lives of Europeans?
Total control over the people, especially the peasantry/serfs.
Feudalism
Hierarchy in society. (peasantry, knights & nobles, lords & ladies, kings & queens)
What advices does Machiavelli’s “The Prince” give to heads of state?
Be feared, not loved. If you are feared, people will fall under your control without hesitation due to fear of wrath.
What effect does the printing press have on literacy and ideas?
Literacy rates increase due to the spread of humanism and common language, religious questioning raises due to apparent corruption ideas
What were indulgences and how was this an abuse of the Catholic Church’s power?
Sale of pardon for sins. It convinced people they could buy their way into heaven without penance for sins.
What changes did Martin Luther want to see in the Catholic Church - 95 Theses?
No more indulgences.
In Luther and Lutheranism, what were some of the major teachings?
People can achieve salvation through faith and good deeds.
How did Calvinism differ from Lutheranism as well as the Catholic Church?
Calvinist believe in predestination
What is predestination?
The belief that god decides at beginning of time the likelihood of everyone - whether they go to heaven or hell.
Why did Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church?
The CC would not annul his marriage from his first wife so that he could marry another woman and get a male heir.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
Portuguese explorer who sailed for Spain. Sailed the Atlantic in 1492
What did Christopher Columbus find on his exploration?
He discovered the Bahamas (thought it was Cuba), discovered Natives had gold (from rings hanging from their nose)
What assumptions did Columbus make about the Natives, and how did that affect the way Spain treated them?
Assumed they were uneducated and easy to control, so they took over their colonization and forced them to assimilate to Spanish rule.
What motives did the Europeans have for exploration?
3 G’s — God, Gold, Glory
What did Nicolaus Copernicus discover about our universe?
Sun was the center of our solar system.
How was it different from what he previously understood about the universe?
They thought Earth was the center of the solar system.
How did Andreas Vesalius change how we view the human body?
He researched through experimentation on cadavers.
Causes of Protestant Reformation
Corruption, Popes being rich and not giving to the poor, living uncelibate and ungodly life, Indulgences, too much power
Impact of the Protestant Reformation
Impact of indulgences (Luther), ew protestant religious life, religious wars, counter/catholic reformation
What happened to spark the Protestant Reformation?
Building of St. Peter’s Basilica: Luther questions why Pope Leo X (wealthiest man in society) couldn’t pay for the Basilica with his own money instead of selling indulgences
What was the Edict of Worms?
Luther summoned to recant his oppositions against the Catholic Church. Refuses and is announced a heretic and a fugitive.
What was the English Reformation?
Protestants vs. Catholics : Protestants wanted freedom, Catholics wanted religious dominance.
What was the Act of Supremacy?
King becomes head of religious life in Great Britain, determines who is gonna be the power over the church of England (Catholic church becoming less powerful, falling apart)
What was Counter Reformation?
A response to the teachings of Luther and the Protestants (doing everything in their power to stop the teachings of Luther and other protestant reformers)
