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1
Q

casues of glomerulonephritis

A

IC/abx in glomeruli- dont make pee, retain fluid, hypertesntisve - post strep GN, wegeners, goodpasteurs, lupus, HUS TTP IGA nephropathy

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2
Q

oliguria, edema, pyuria, RBC casts, hypertension

A

acute nephritic syndrom e, t steroids

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3
Q

acute interstitia nephritis

A

allergic reaction, immune mediated- from pcn, sulpha, diuretics, infxn - EOSINOPHILS, rash

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4
Q

leading cause of renal failure

A

ATN - ischemic- olugirua, from trauma/sepsis- toxic- from constast media, myoglobin, hemolysis, MM, aminoglycosides, ethylene glycol

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5
Q

how does rhabdo cause ATN

A

myoglobin clogs tubules, positive urine HEME but no RBC on micro, very high elevation of creatinine quicly , CK > 5x elevated

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6
Q

prerenal vs renal failure

A

renal failure has FENA >1% and high urina sodium, no BUN/cr

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7
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerular disease, nephritic syndrome

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8
Q

WBC casts

A

interstitium, pyelo AIN

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9
Q

eosinophils-

A

AIN

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10
Q

granular casts (Cell debris)

A

tubule, ATN

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11
Q

hyaline casts ( acellular)

A

post or pre renal

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12
Q

pink urine work up

A

rbcs- hematuria - nephritic syndrom eor stone , if NO RBCS then myoglobinuria or hemoglobinuria - intravascular hemolysis, DIC TTP HUS

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13
Q

nephritic vs nephrotic

A

nephritic is acute, oliguria, htn, casts in Ua, nephrotic is chronic, massive protein, edema, HLD, hypo alb, thrommbic diathesis, UA with no cells

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14
Q

caus sof nephrotic syndrome

A

DM SLE HIV MM

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15
Q

autosomal dominant, flank pain and hematuria, progressive renal failure, what is the associated complication

A

PCKD - cerebral aneurysm, SAH - can also have cysts in liver and spleen

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16
Q

indiation for dialysis in uremia

A

has ompliaitons such as encephalitis, pericardits, bleeding, BUN >100-150, toxins

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17
Q

ESRD complications

A

CAD, refractory htn, tamponade, uremic pericarditis, pulm edema, have all cell linesaffected- anemia, infxn bleeding, cocner for risk of SDH

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18
Q

ESRD with hyper K

A

bradyasystolic arrest, Ca gluconate, shift with bicarb, insulin d5- albuterol, elimiate with polystyrene

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19
Q

hypo K after dialysis

A

V fib, PVCs

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20
Q

most common complication ESRD

A

hypotension, second is bleeding

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21
Q

bleeding in ESRD causes

A

bleeding, give DDAVP, cloting - thrill is gone- inject thromblytic, surgical removal, infection- staph gram negatives, highoutput failure

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22
Q

AMS casues in ESRD

A

hypotension, hypogly, hyperca, sdh

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23
Q

peritoneal fluid in peritoneal diaslysis patient and bugs

A

100 WBC in anylysis, 50% pmn, staph epidermidits and s aureus

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24
Q

criteria for UTI

A

sxs plus 100 CFU

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25
complicated UTI bugs
klebsiela, preotus, pseudomonsas, enterobacter, staph, grp d strep
26
do you treat asxs bacteriuria
only in pregnancy to prevent pyelo
27
sterile pyuria bugs
GU TB, chlamydia
28
pyelo in pregnancy
inc in 3rd trimester, can precpitiate pre e sepsis and miscarriage
29
sepsi, liver disaese, nec fac
vibrio
30
balanitis
glans penis inflamed, check BG
31
phimosis vs paraphimosis-
para call the paramedics- retraced, necrosis of glans, tx compression dosral incision - phimosis - unable to retract, can cause urinarey retnetion
32
child with persistent crying
corneal ulcer, penile hair tourniquet
33
priapism 2 kinds
corpus cavernosum, ishcmic is low flow - sickel cell drugs, spinal cord injury, high flow is trauma- arterial injury
34
treatment priapism
corporal aspiration and irrigation, pheynephirine injxn to corpora, transfusion for sickle cell, embolization for high flow
35
diagnosis of syphilis primary vs seconary
dark field microscopy (primary), secondary - RPR, FTA ABS
36
primary syphilis time frame
painless chance, 21 days, lasts 4-6 weeks
37
treatmet of syphilis and possible reaction
2.4m ben g IM, jarisch herxheimer rxn
38
rash on palsm, soles, papulosquamous- raised and scaly
secondary syphilis - need to do RPR
39
jarisch herxheierm rxn
serum sickness, realse of endotixns, fever, chilsl, ha myalgia rashs - lasts a few hours - tx tylenol
40
big buboe lesion near inguinal ligament, painless
LGV chalmaydia - tx doxycycline
41
tender papule and painful ulcer, painful inguinopathy
chancroid - azithro or cefraixone
42
donovan bodies
granuloma inguinale - chorinc painless progressive ulcer s - tx doxy
43
age related bugs for epidydymitis
young- e coli, structure, sexually actuve, GC , older patient s- obstrution prostate , E coli
44
prehns sign
lifting of testicle relieves pain - epidydmitis not torsion
45
what intervention CI in prostateitis
prostate massage, foley, do a suprapubic
46
perineal pain, urinary frequency, pain with defecation, dysuria, fever, urinary retention-
acute prostatitis
47
urethritis considerations for test
treat partners, consider HIV syphilis
48
precipitatns for urinary retention
ach - OTC sympathomimetics- cold remidies - anti htn, TCa, opiods,
49
mcc kidney stone type
cal oxylate- diet, IBD, corohns, hper PTH- male
50
4 other causes of kidney stones -
struvite- chronic infxn proteus pseudomonas, staghorn high Ph - URIC ACID - gout, low ph, radiolucent, CYSTEINE - staghorn, inborn error
51
drug that causes kidney stone
indinivir - protease inhibitor - HIV
52
60 yo flank pain HTN
AAA
53
mc transplant solid organ
renal - hep C common, infxn and rejection can be subtle rise in Cr
54
coffee bea appearacne on XR
cecal volvuulus
55
most sensitive test at dx acute chole
HIDA
56
eye condition associated with constrictd pupil on ipsulateeral side
iritis - miosis
57
medication that can be given in CRAO to dec IOP
Carbonic anhydrase inhibiors (acetazolamide) to reduce aqueous humor production or b blockers
58
treatment of acute angle closure glaucome first step
acetazolaminde
59
periorbital emphysema
orbital blowout, have downaward gaze bacuse inferior rectus is trapped, eye is moved downard, inabiity to look up
60
visual field loss for stroke on the R side of brain?
L sided homonymous hemi (l temporal R nasal)
61
TXA mechanism
prevents firbinoysis stabilizing clots
62
4 components for negligence
duty to act, standard of care, proximate acuase, damages
63
unique synovial fluid for septic arthritis-
glucose 30% of serum
64
radiolucen stone, PH < 7
uric acid
65
what is nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
after mri associated wih gadolinium

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