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1
Q

causes of stridor > 6 month

A

croup, epiglottitis, RPA, FB, tracheitis

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2
Q

bugs in epiglottiits

A

mc in unvaccinated kids, h flu spneumo s aureus

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3
Q

treatments for CRAO

A

oribtal massage, anterio chamber paracentesis, mannitol acetazolamide, IA trhomblytic

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4
Q

cotton wool spots, blood and thunder

A

CRVO

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5
Q

disc hyperemia, painfull, inflammation on fundus

A

optic neuritis

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6
Q

infant with poor feeding, tachypnea, irritaiblity, what is tx

A

PSVT, adenosine, procainamide, amio b block- if unstble can sync CV .5-1j/kg

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7
Q

causes of erythema multiforme- SOAPS

A

hsv, m pneumo, sulfa oralhypogly antivconv pcn nsaids

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8
Q

bug in lyme

A

borrelia burdorferi- E mygrains, tx doxy

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9
Q

what casuses scarlet fever

A

GABHS- exudative pharyngitis, stawberry tongue, sandppaer rash- tx PCN

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10
Q

HIV meningitis bug

A

crypotoccous- ELEVATED OP, leukocytosis, low glucose, CD4< 100 cram stain negative

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11
Q

how to look for cryptococcus on HIV CSF

A

CrAg or INDIA innk- round encapsulated - tx IV AMPH B flucosytosine

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12
Q

ring enhancing lesions on brain CT

A

toxoplasmosis

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13
Q

encephalitis in HIV pt

A

CMV

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14
Q

how to get a BP in LVAD

A

doppler probe over brachial artery -g ives a single BP reading

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15
Q

blast trauma- what is primary, seconary, 3, 4th

A

TM rupture and barotrauma, 2nd is fling objects and lacerations, 3rd is victim getting launched, crushed - 4th is burns, radiation explosure, inhalation

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16
Q

eye inflmamation after blunt trauma- injection, pain with constriciton/photphobia, cells and flare

A

traumatic iritis (iridocyclitis) iris and ciliary body inflamaed- tx CYCLOPLEGIC like homatropine, iritis also assn with HLAB27 ank spondy

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17
Q

risk factors for ectopic

A

prior ectopic, tubal, PID, IUD, mc fallopian

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18
Q

where does LOWER GI bleed start anatmically

A

distal to ligament of treitz

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19
Q

cause of post colonocsopy bleed

A

eschar sloughing from procedure

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20
Q

contraindciatioons for MTX for ectopic

A

fetal heart tones, >4 cm, unstable patient, if theres a rupture

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21
Q

corkscrew hairs, anermia, assn iron deficiency, muscle pains, anemia

A

vit c deficiency

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22
Q

watery diarhrea, dementia, dermatiits - hyperpigmented and hyperkeratitic skin, mouth inflamation, cheliosis

A

niacin deficincy - pellagra

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23
Q

anorexia, weight loss, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, confusion, opthalmoplegia

A

thamine deficiency- berber1- B1

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24
Q

skeletal bowing, bone pain, m weakness

A

vit d deficiency

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25
mandatory reporting
elder and child abuse, deadly weapon
26
mechanism of black widow spider bite
ACH and NE release- cramping in abd wal back and legs- systemic CNS and peripheral hyepractivity- tx opiods and benzos
27
nausea vomiting gastritis, tachycardia, tachypnea, tinnitus, AMS, cerebral edema
aspirin toxicity - mixed anion gap meta acidosis and resp alkalosis - low NA from renal and bicarb due to respo alkalossi
28
chem7 changes in ASA tox
low Na, low bicarb, neuroglycopenic
29
treatment of ASA tox
urine alkalinzation with bicarb, glucose, 1-2meq/kg and d5w w bicard and Kcl- urine Ph 7.5-9 and blood ph 7.45 for AMS
30
SLUDGE mneumonic and tx
organophosphate, slaivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, Gi distress, tx pralidoxime or atropine
31
gout crystlas and refringence
monosodium urate, neg
32
psuedogout and refringe
cal pyrophosphate, pos
33
sickle cell patient with acute drop in Hb and retic
splenic sequestration and hemolytic crisis- kids
34
which antidepressant avoid in eating disorder
bupropion- lower sz threshold
35
recurrent fever lsating 1-4 days with pleuritic chest pain
familar meditrerranean fever
36
pruritis, burning, red discoloration of hands and feet
PCV - give hydroxyurea for elevated uric acid- Jak2 mutation- splenomegaly
37
PCV what cell linsare increased
erythrocte, granuolcte, plateletes
38
transplant infections - immediate, 1-6 mo, chronic
1 - mrsa, pseudo (nosocomial) -1-6 opportunistic - CMV EBV PCP aspergillisu >6 chronic viral -- cmv ebv hsv hep b c cap vzv
39
high fever for 3-4 days then rash, child 6mo - 3yrs - runny nose, cough, malaise
roseola - measels- blanching rash on trunk neck then extremimtieis - HSV6
40
c spine mneumonic
jefferson bit off a hangmans thumb J (c1 burst) Bilateral Facet, Odontoid II, III, any dislocation, Hangmans - Teardrop
41
artery injured to cause epidural hematoma
middle meningeal
42
rules for nexus
no focal neuro, no intox, normal alertness, no disctracting, no midline c spine pain
43
dental fracture ellis types
elliis 1- enamel II dentin and enamel- hot and cold sensitivity - yellow - cover the exposed with CaOH paste - III refer- enamel dentin and pulm- oral surgery and pen VK
44
cause of abducens palsy
dm, ischemia- SAH, intercavernous anerurysm, GCA
45
motor of CN IV
superior oblique- inward and downward movement of eye
46
complications of meases
PNA, SSPE,
47
ipsilateral dilated pupul, contralateral hemiparesis, decerbrate posturine
transtentorial herniation- uncal, medial temporal lobe
48
tonsillar hernation-
foramen magnum- conpresses medulla and cord- HTN BRADY arrest
49
eyes moving in opposite direction of head turning is ....
intact brainsttem oculocephalic
50
irrigation of saline into ear and no eye mvmt =
brainstem injury - oculovestibular
51
decorticate vs decerebrate
decorticate is upper flexion and lowe extension
52
tx cholinergic toxicity
atropine, pralidoxime
53
treatment anticholinergic tox
physostigmine
54
when to use active invasive core rewardming
severe hypotenrmia with unstable vitals - J waves on EKG osborne , possible VF and asystole
55
CSF with elevated Wbc, protein, low glucose
menigitis, gram +
56
what febrile sz can you d/c
6mo to 5 years, tonic clonic, less than 15 mins, no neuro deficits, no recurrence 24 hours
57
what do you do if complex febrile
work up for meningitis, ICH , mass
58
kid with tender erythroderma, crusting around lips, bullae, nikoslsky +, desqumation 3-4 days after rash
SSSS - exotoxin realse from staph- tx dicoxaclillin - b lactamase
59
MCC EM
HSV1-2, M pneumo
60
where is FB likely tog et stuck in adults and kds
t11, GE jxn, kids c6- cricopharyngeus- t4, aortic arch, t6 trachel birufcation
61
causes of icreased unconjugated bilirubin
hemolysis, giberts, noenalatal jaundice, sepsis
62
causes of increased conjugated direct bili
obstruction, HC hepatitis cirrhosis sepsis, osbstruciton, stone CHF
63
hep thats fecal oral, ppx vaccine, tx IG within 2 weeks of exposure
hep a
64
hep from perc sexual, incubatio 1-6 months, 10% carrier
hep B
65
HBSAG
active
66
HBSAB
positive after clearance, marker for immunity
67
HBEAG
high infectivity
68
HBCAB
at some point infected- hx HBV infxn
69
heathcare worker stuck with crhonic hep bw hat do you do
draw titers -- if adequate no tx, otherise give Hb IG and restart 0 -1 6 mo vaccins
70
hep from blood xfusions, 50% chronic, IVDA
hep c - 2% seroconversion after perc exposure
71
hep can only get if Hep B - HBSAG needed for coinfection
hep d- IVDA homos
72
hep fecal oral
hep e
73
bugs in SBP
e coli, enterococcus- due to portal htn and bowel demea leaking bugs- postiive paracentiss PMN > 250 acute, >100 chronic or PD
74
mcc ALF
tylenol, also HAV HEV
75
mcc death in ALF
intracraniel HTN, cerebral eedema due to ammonia leve- tx mannitol, indomethacin HTN saline
76
mcc suriga abdominal pain elderly, what bugs
chole, E coli, klebsiella
77
what is galstone ileus
stone goes into small bowel, blocks iloecael valve
78
air iin RUQ
emphesematous chole or mesenteric ischemia
79
jaundice, feve,r rUQ pain
ascending hcolangitis
80
drugs that can cause pancreatitis
thaizide, salicylate, acetaminhen, abx, estrogens- also viral infxm bacteral like salmonella, strep
81
sentinal loop on XR
bowel gas in middle of xray over pancreaus - ileus near pancreas
82
compoennts of ransons criteria
age 55, glucose >200, WC >16000, AST >250, LDH >350 - 3 positive is severe
83
diffuse infection of eyelid margin - what and what tx
blephartis, staph optical
84
inflammation of lacrimal duct
DACRO LACRO - staph- topical abx compres
85
infection of eyelid- localized
hordeolum - staph, abscess- compress abx
86
chronic internal sterile granulomatous rxn of eyelid
chalazion- meobmian gland - nontender non inflam upper lid margin - optho i/d
87
complications of orbital cellulits
meningits, cavernous sinus thrombisis and CN deficits
88
severe conjunctiivits
epidemic keratoconjunctivitys- adenovirus
89
neontal conjucntiivits
chlamydia
90
tx uveitis
uvea- iris, ciliary body, choroid- inflammation causes cell and flare, photopbia, ache, red eye- tx cycloplegics, steroids
91
atropine, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine and tropicamide
muscarinic, cyloplegics
92
inflammation of cornea, perilimbic flush
keratitis - fro infxn, sjogrens, drug tox- get PERILIMBIC flush - can also be from dry eyes or bacteria
93
viral kertaitis bug
HSV- neonates- dendritic branching- tx acyclovir, also VZV keratitis- zoster- hutinchinsons sign- may have irits- needs steroids
94
treatent for glaucoma- sequence
timolol, acetazolaminde, apraclonidine- dec aq humor produ -mannotil- osmotic decompresison- then pilocarpine- drainage of Aq humor after production lowered (IOP >40 bad)
95
bitemporal hemoanposia-
pituitary optic chiasm

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