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boards 7 Flashcards

1
Q

painful eye mvmt, vision loss, APD

A

MS

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2
Q

headache worse at night, impaired vision, painful chewing

A

GCA/TA- posterior ciliary artery, inschemia to mastication muscles - high dose methypred

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3
Q

MCC rebleed in hyphema, risk long term?

A

day 2-5 when clot retracts, inc glaucoma risk

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4
Q

nerve trapped with orbital flood fx

A

infraoribtal n- dec sesation cheek and upper lip

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5
Q

what happens with cmpresison of 3rd nerve

A

ipsilaterd fixed dilated pupil - unopposed sympathetic

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6
Q

what are 2 cuases of ptosis

A

horners syndrome (knocks out sympathteitc muscle superior tarsal m that opens eyelid) and 3rd n palsy (levator palpebrae)— in horners eye is miotic and also anyhydrosis- in 3rd n its mydriatic

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7
Q

anthrax vs plague trasmission

A

anthrax - bacillus anthrax- inhald spores- no person to person- hemorrhagic mediastinitis- tx doxy vs PLAGUE yersinia pestis - person to person- bilateral multilobal pna- doxy

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8
Q

pneumonia, shock, travel SW US, pulmonary edema

A

hantavirus, no person to person

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9
Q

civet cat asia, person to person spread, coronavirus

A

SARS

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10
Q

pneumonia in HIV w CD4 ct 200, 50-200, under 50

A

spneumo, TB, h flu, then PCP- hypoxemia LDH bilateral infiltrates, lastly CMV, MAC, crypotocccus, Kaposi

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11
Q

PCP pneumonia mechanism

A

LDH elevaed, subacute, fatigue, TMPSMX, desat quickly with exertion on pulse ox, if Po2 < 70 or A-a gradient > 35 then give steroids - classic bat wing appearance, patients have issue with oxygen diffusion across membrane - need BAL with silver stain for dx

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12
Q

2nd line tx PCP pna if cant take tmp smx

A

pentamidine - causes hypoglycemia hypotension, or Dapsone - methhemoglobinemia

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13
Q

TB tx side effects - INH, Ethambutol, pyrizinamide- streptomycinm, rifampin

A

hepatitis- inh rif pya, peripehral neropathy inh, optic neuritis emb, gout pza, otorenal tox strep and AG, discolored red orange body fluid rifampin

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14
Q

AA, bilateral hilar adenopathy, non caseating granulomas

A

sarcoid

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15
Q

mc mediastinal mass

A

bronchigenic ca

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16
Q

emergenct intervention for hemotpyss

A

bronchial artery emboilization

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17
Q

left sided pleural effusion

A

consider boorhaves

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18
Q

transudate vs exudate plruerlla fluids

A

educate - total protein >3mg/dl, plerual/serum protein >.5, ldh > 200, trasnduate <3,

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19
Q

complication of nephrotic syndroe

A

clotting, pe

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20
Q

biphasis fever, tick disease

A

colorodo tick fever

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21
Q

fever, leukopenia, tick disease -

A

ehrlichosis- tx doxy/rifampin

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22
Q

centripedal rash, mycarditis, ARDS

A

RMSF- doxy

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23
Q

tick disease, lymphadenopathy, ulcers

A

tularemia- streptomycin, lone star tick, francillesa tularenses

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24
Q

encapsulated bacterias

A

Strep pnuemo h flu e coli neisseria meningitis GBS, salmonella klebsiella,

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25
Q

toxic dose of iron ID, treatment

A

> 60mgkg, whole bowel irrgation PEG, chelating agent Deferoxamine

26
Q

complications of iron toxicity

A

vomiting, acidosis, hepatic failure, GI scarring

27
Q

lab abnormaltiies in heat stroke

A

AST ALT

28
Q

infectious agent that causes tinea varsicolor

A

malasezzia furfur- dx KOH prep of skin scraping

29
Q

features of TCA OD

A

na channel block, QRS prolonged, antich chol, sz, tx na bicarb

30
Q

cellular casts- red casts, white casts, epithelial casts

A

red- pathologic- GN or vasulitis, white - inflam or infxn- pyelo, AIN, nephotic, post step GN, Epithelial - ATN, viral/toxic

31
Q

acellular casts- hyaline, granular, waxy, fatty

A

hyaline- mc- tamm-horsfall- dehydration or exercise - granular cast- pathologic, GN, vasculitis, glomerular dmg, Waxy cast- CKD - fatty cast - NEPHRTOIC syndrome

32
Q

lab hormones in testicular ca

A

inc B HG AFP, LDH , biggest RF cryptoorhicism

33
Q

decompresison sickness

A

diver with quick ascent, nitrogen goes into tissues, Bends– MSK, Chokes- Resp - Staggers- CNS

34
Q

treatment decomresison sickness

A

LLdecub, Trendeleberg, O2, hyperbaric chamber

35
Q

calculat sBp of kids

A

70 + (2x age)

36
Q

visual change dignoxin tox

A

yellow green chormatopsia

37
Q

bidirectional ventricular tachycardia

A

dig tox, tx dig ab, labs show hyper K, hypoK increases the risk fo toxicity bc it binds easier to NA K ATPase pump

38
Q

when do VP shunt infxn occur? whats bug? whats CSF analysis

A

normal analysis, positive cx epidermdiis, occurs in first 6 months

39
Q

fever, conjuncitivitys, lymphadenopathy followed by maculopapular rash that statats on face and gost o trunk and limbs

A

RUBELLA- togavirus - TORCH infxn - congenital rubella has blueberry muffin petechie

40
Q

high fever for 3 days followed by pink maculopapular rash after defervescences

A

roseola - HHV 6-7,

41
Q

reheated rice; canned food; sea bass grouper snapper ; underoocked meat HUS; poulty meat eggs; peppery fish; meats mayonayse, custard; undercooked pork, pseudoappendicitys, bloody diarrhea

A

bacillus, c botulium, ciguatera, e coli 0157, salmonella, scromboid, staph, yersinia

42
Q

positive lielihood ratio calulcated

A

sensitivity / (1- spec) (SNOUT rules out thats positive so its positive LR)

43
Q

alpha and beta errors, power

A

type 1 - alpha - reject HO incorrectly, type 2- beta- HO incorreclty accepted, power is prob of correcly rejecting Ho

44
Q

t test vs ANOVA

A

t - compares means of TWO groups, anove compares means of 3

45
Q

treatment of TB

A

inh, rifampin , ehtambutol - PZA and streptomycin are CI

46
Q

mc blidness in aids

A

CMV retiniits - cotton wool exudates, retinal hemorrhage, gancluclovir , CD4 < 50

47
Q

cause of kaposi sarcoma

A

HHV 8

48
Q

6mo to 3 year kid, high fever 3-4 days, rash starts after fever, blanching macularpauparls rash at neck, trunk and spreads to face/extrem

A

roseola

49
Q

lemierres is what

A

septhic thromboplhebtis of Jugular- neck pain, cant move it , from fusobacteru - after pharyngitis - toxic, can have spetic pulmonary emboli

50
Q

treatment of sulfonyurea toxicity like glimepiride, glpiizide

A

octreotide

51
Q

tick borne, mmissouri appalachia, leukopenia, tcp, LDH,

A

erhlichiosis- lone star and deer tick 0 tx doxy/rifampin

52
Q

which antipsychotic causes agranulocytosis

A

clozapine

53
Q

schizo vs schizophreniform vs schizoaffective

A

schizophrenia > 6 mo, phreniform 1-6, schizoaffective is psychosis plus mania or depression

54
Q

which coag is abnormal in Hemophilia A

A

PTT - hemophilia is x linked recesive, A facotir VIII B facotr IX

55
Q

carpal bone fx is assn ulnar n injury

A

hamate hook

56
Q

newborn with bloody stool, pnumotosis intestinalis; bilios vomiting and double buble sign; bilious vomoiting and corkscew on upper GI contrast; absent meconium; currant jelly; olive shaped mass

A

NEC, duodenal atreasia, malro, hischprung, intuss, pyloric

57
Q

causes of erythema nodosum

A

strep, sarcoid, fuungal, IBD, TB, OCP sulfa - FEMALES

58
Q

what is neurogenic shock

A

neurogenic shock is spinal cord injury above t5, unpposed vagal tone- hypotension bradycardia- tx atropine fluids vasopressors

59
Q

children < 5, high fever for 5 days, conjuncitivtys, rash, adenopathy, strawberry tongue

A

kawasaki, tx IVIG and ASA- MCC peds CAD, aneurysm

60
Q

tx cyanide

A

hydroxocobalamin- b12a- removes it from cytochrome oxidase and forms cyanocobalamin- b12

61
Q

anti basement membrane antibodies

A

GOODPASTEURS - GLomerular Pulonary - tx predinosone - small vessel vasculitis

62
Q

rouleax smears, lytic lesions on xray- what are other symptoms

A

MM - hyper ca, renal, Anemia, bonelesions and back pain - BENCE JONES proteins

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