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boards 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

painful eye mvmt, vision loss, APD

A

MS

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2
Q

headache worse at night, impaired vision, painful chewing

A

GCA/TA- posterior ciliary artery, inschemia to mastication muscles - high dose methypred

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3
Q

MCC rebleed in hyphema, risk long term?

A

day 2-5 when clot retracts, inc glaucoma risk

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4
Q

nerve trapped with orbital flood fx

A

infraoribtal n- dec sesation cheek and upper lip

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5
Q

what happens with cmpresison of 3rd nerve

A

ipsilaterd fixed dilated pupil - unopposed sympathetic

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6
Q

what are 2 cuases of ptosis

A

horners syndrome (knocks out sympathteitc muscle superior tarsal m that opens eyelid) and 3rd n palsy (levator palpebrae)— in horners eye is miotic and also anyhydrosis- in 3rd n its mydriatic

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7
Q

anthrax vs plague trasmission

A

anthrax - bacillus anthrax- inhald spores- no person to person- hemorrhagic mediastinitis- tx doxy vs PLAGUE yersinia pestis - person to person- bilateral multilobal pna- doxy

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8
Q

pneumonia, shock, travel SW US, pulmonary edema

A

hantavirus, no person to person

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9
Q

civet cat asia, person to person spread, coronavirus

A

SARS

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10
Q

pneumonia in HIV w CD4 ct 200, 50-200, under 50

A

spneumo, TB, h flu, then PCP- hypoxemia LDH bilateral infiltrates, lastly CMV, MAC, crypotocccus, Kaposi

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11
Q

PCP pneumonia mechanism

A

LDH elevaed, subacute, fatigue, TMPSMX, desat quickly with exertion on pulse ox, if Po2 < 70 or A-a gradient > 35 then give steroids - classic bat wing appearance, patients have issue with oxygen diffusion across membrane - need BAL with silver stain for dx

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12
Q

2nd line tx PCP pna if cant take tmp smx

A

pentamidine - causes hypoglycemia hypotension, or Dapsone - methhemoglobinemia

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13
Q

TB tx side effects - INH, Ethambutol, pyrizinamide- streptomycinm, rifampin

A

hepatitis- inh rif pya, peripehral neropathy inh, optic neuritis emb, gout pza, otorenal tox strep and AG, discolored red orange body fluid rifampin

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14
Q

AA, bilateral hilar adenopathy, non caseating granulomas

A

sarcoid

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15
Q

mc mediastinal mass

A

bronchigenic ca

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16
Q

emergenct intervention for hemotpyss

A

bronchial artery emboilization

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17
Q

left sided pleural effusion

A

consider boorhaves

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18
Q

transudate vs exudate plruerlla fluids

A

educate - total protein >3mg/dl, plerual/serum protein >.5, ldh > 200, trasnduate <3,

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19
Q

complication of nephrotic syndroe

A

clotting, pe

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20
Q

biphasis fever, tick disease

A

colorodo tick fever

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21
Q

fever, leukopenia, tick disease -

A

ehrlichosis- tx doxy/rifampin

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22
Q

centripedal rash, mycarditis, ARDS

A

RMSF- doxy

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23
Q

tick disease, lymphadenopathy, ulcers

A

tularemia- streptomycin, lone star tick, francillesa tularenses

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24
Q

encapsulated bacterias

A

Strep pnuemo h flu e coli neisseria meningitis GBS, salmonella klebsiella,

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25
toxic dose of iron ID, treatment
>60mgkg, whole bowel irrgation PEG, chelating agent Deferoxamine
26
complications of iron toxicity
vomiting, acidosis, hepatic failure, GI scarring
27
lab abnormaltiies in heat stroke
AST ALT
28
infectious agent that causes tinea varsicolor
malasezzia furfur- dx KOH prep of skin scraping
29
features of TCA OD
na channel block, QRS prolonged, antich chol, sz, tx na bicarb
30
cellular casts- red casts, white casts, epithelial casts
red- pathologic- GN or vasulitis, white - inflam or infxn- pyelo, AIN, nephotic, post step GN, Epithelial - ATN, viral/toxic
31
acellular casts- hyaline, granular, waxy, fatty
hyaline- mc- tamm-horsfall- dehydration or exercise - granular cast- pathologic, GN, vasculitis, glomerular dmg, Waxy cast- CKD - fatty cast - NEPHRTOIC syndrome
32
lab hormones in testicular ca
inc B HG AFP, LDH , biggest RF cryptoorhicism
33
decompresison sickness
diver with quick ascent, nitrogen goes into tissues, Bends-- MSK, Chokes- Resp - Staggers- CNS
34
treatment decomresison sickness
LLdecub, Trendeleberg, O2, hyperbaric chamber
35
calculat sBp of kids
70 + (2x age)
36
visual change dignoxin tox
yellow green chormatopsia
37
bidirectional ventricular tachycardia
dig tox, tx dig ab, labs show hyper K, hypoK increases the risk fo toxicity bc it binds easier to NA K ATPase pump
38
when do VP shunt infxn occur? whats bug? whats CSF analysis
normal analysis, positive cx epidermdiis, occurs in first 6 months
39
fever, conjuncitivitys, lymphadenopathy followed by maculopapular rash that statats on face and gost o trunk and limbs
RUBELLA- togavirus - TORCH infxn - congenital rubella has blueberry muffin petechie
40
high fever for 3 days followed by pink maculopapular rash after defervescences
roseola - HHV 6-7,
41
reheated rice; canned food; sea bass grouper snapper ; underoocked meat HUS; poulty meat eggs; peppery fish; meats mayonayse, custard; undercooked pork, pseudoappendicitys, bloody diarrhea
bacillus, c botulium, ciguatera, e coli 0157, salmonella, scromboid, staph, yersinia
42
positive lielihood ratio calulcated
sensitivity / (1- spec) (SNOUT rules out thats positive so its positive LR)
43
alpha and beta errors, power
type 1 - alpha - reject HO incorrectly, type 2- beta- HO incorreclty accepted, power is prob of correcly rejecting Ho
44
t test vs ANOVA
t - compares means of TWO groups, anove compares means of 3
45
treatment of TB
inh, rifampin , ehtambutol - PZA and streptomycin are CI
46
mc blidness in aids
CMV retiniits - cotton wool exudates, retinal hemorrhage, gancluclovir , CD4 < 50
47
cause of kaposi sarcoma
HHV 8
48
6mo to 3 year kid, high fever 3-4 days, rash starts after fever, blanching macularpauparls rash at neck, trunk and spreads to face/extrem
roseola
49
lemierres is what
septhic thromboplhebtis of Jugular- neck pain, cant move it , from fusobacteru - after pharyngitis - toxic, can have spetic pulmonary emboli
50
treatment of sulfonyurea toxicity like glimepiride, glpiizide
octreotide
51
tick borne, mmissouri appalachia, leukopenia, tcp, LDH,
erhlichiosis- lone star and deer tick 0 tx doxy/rifampin
52
which antipsychotic causes agranulocytosis
clozapine
53
schizo vs schizophreniform vs schizoaffective
schizophrenia > 6 mo, phreniform 1-6, schizoaffective is psychosis plus mania or depression
54
which coag is abnormal in Hemophilia A
PTT - hemophilia is x linked recesive, A facotir VIII B facotr IX
55
carpal bone fx is assn ulnar n injury
hamate hook
56
newborn with bloody stool, pnumotosis intestinalis; bilios vomiting and double buble sign; bilious vomoiting and corkscew on upper GI contrast; absent meconium; currant jelly; olive shaped mass
NEC, duodenal atreasia, malro, hischprung, intuss, pyloric
57
causes of erythema nodosum
strep, sarcoid, fuungal, IBD, TB, OCP sulfa - FEMALES
58
what is neurogenic shock
neurogenic shock is spinal cord injury above t5, unpposed vagal tone- hypotension bradycardia- tx atropine fluids vasopressors
59
children < 5, high fever for 5 days, conjuncitivtys, rash, adenopathy, strawberry tongue
kawasaki, tx IVIG and ASA- MCC peds CAD, aneurysm
60
tx cyanide
hydroxocobalamin- b12a- removes it from cytochrome oxidase and forms cyanocobalamin- b12
61
anti basement membrane antibodies
GOODPASTEURS - GLomerular Pulonary - tx predinosone - small vessel vasculitis
62
rouleax smears, lytic lesions on xray- what are other symptoms
MM - hyper ca, renal, Anemia, bonelesions and back pain - BENCE JONES proteins

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