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<3 > Body Cavities And body Folding > Flashcards

Body Cavities And body Folding Flashcards

1
Q

What defines Growth as a phase of embryonic development?

A

Cell division and elaboration of cell products

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2
Q

What defines Morphogenesis as a phase of embryonic development ?

A

Development of f shape, size and other features of a particular organ or part of whole body

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3
Q

How is Morphogenesis controlled?

What changes will this lead to?

A

Controlled by gene expression and regulation in an orderly sequence

Changes in

  • cell fate
  • cell shape
  • cell movement
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4
Q

What does Morphogenesis allow fo?

A

Allows cells to interact w/ each other during the formation of tissues and organs

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5
Q

What defines Differentiation as a phase of embryonic development?

A

Organization of cells into a precise pattern of tissues and organs capable of performing specialized functions

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6
Q

What will form the primordium of the intraembryonic coelom?

A

Isolated coelomic spaces int he lateral plate and cardiogenic mesoderm

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7
Q

What is a coelom?

A

Embryonic body cavity

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8
Q

How is the intraembryonic coelom formed?

What shape does this take on?

A

Thru the coalescing of isolating coelomic spaces

Horseshoe shaped

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9
Q

What will the formation of the Itnraembyronic coelom do tot he Lateral mesoderm?

A

Divides lateral mesoderm into

  1. Somatic/parietal layer of lateral mesoderm
  2. Splanchnic/visceral layer of lateral mesoderm
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10
Q

What is the somatic layer of lateral mesoderm continuous w/ ?

A

Continuous w/ extra-embryonic mesoderm covering the amnion

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11
Q

What is the splanchnic layer of the lateral mesoderm continuous w/?

A

W/ extra-embryonic mesoderm covering the umbilical vesicle

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12
Q

What is somatopleure?

What doe this form?

A

Somatic mesoderm and overlying embryonic ectoderm

forms the body wall

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13
Q

What is splanchopleure?

What will it form?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm and underlying embryonic endoderm

forms embryonic gut

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14
Q

How does folding in the embryonic planes occur?

A

Folding in cranial and caudal and sides simultaneously

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15
Q

What does the body folding of the embryonic in the median and horizontal planes do?

A

Takes flat,trilaminar embryonic disc
—>

Cylindrical embryo

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16
Q

Does folding occur faster laterally or in the median plane?

A

Lateral edges do not keep pace w/ the increase in embryo length

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17
Q

What day does the head fold begin?

A

Day 22/week 4

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18
Q

How does Head Folding occur?

A
  1. Embryo elongates in length
  2. Neural folds grow over the oropharyngeal membrane
  3. This moves the septum transversum, primordial heart, pericardial coelom and oropharyngeal membrane to ventral (front) surface
  4. Part of endoderm of umbilical vesicle is incorporated as foregut
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19
Q

What comprises the foregut?

A

Primordium of pharynx, esophagus, and lower respiratory system

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20
Q

After head folding, how is the intra-embryonic coelom?

A

Pericardial cavity is at front

Pericardioperitoneal canal run dorsally on each side of foregut

Intraembryonic and extraembryonic coelom are in communication

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21
Q

What is the process of tail folding?

A
  1. Caudal (back) end of embryonic folds in due to growth of distal neural tube
    Forms the spinal cord primordium
  2. Caudal eminence projects over the cloacal membrane
  3. Part of endoderm from Allantois will form hindgut
  4. Terminal hindgut dilates to form the cloaca
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22
Q

What is the future of the cloacal membrane?

A

To form the anus

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23
Q

What comprises the hindgut?

A

Descending colon/rectum

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24
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Rudiment of urinary bladder/rectum

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25
Q

Before tail folding where did the primitive streak lie?

After folding?

A

Before: primitive streak lies cranial to cloacal membrane

After: lies caudal to cloacal membrane

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26
Q

What is the allantois/

A

Diverticulum of the umbilical vesicle

27
Q

What produces the right and left lateral folds?

A

Rapid growth of SC and smites

28
Q

What happens when the lateral fold extend ventrally toward midline

A

Creates a cylindrical embryo

Abdominal walls forms and incorporates ENDOderm to form midgut

Omphaloentric duct is formed

29
Q

How is the omphaloenterifc duct formed?

A

By reducing the connection b/w the umbilication vesicle and midgut

30
Q

What happens as the umbilical cord forms?

A

Communication between the intraembryonic and extra-embryonic coelomic cavities narrows

31
Q

What will eventually obliterate most of the extraembryonic coelom?

A

Expansion of the amniotic cavity

32
Q

What does the amnion form for the umbilical cord?

A

Forms epithelial covering

33
Q

What is the intraembryonic coelom divided into?

A

Pericardial cavity

Pleural cavities

Peritoneal cavity

34
Q

What are the cavities of the intraembryonic coelom lined with?

A

With mesothelium

  • parietal walls from somatic mesoderm
  • visceral wall from splanchnic mesoderm
35
Q

How do head folds reshape the intraembryonic coelom re: Pericardial cavity?

A

Pericardial cavity..

moved ventrally and anterior to foregut and above septum transversum (heart will reposition itself into this cavity)

opened into peri-cardio-peritoneal canals lateral to foregut

36
Q

What is the function of the pericardioperitoneal canals?

A

Connect pericardial cavity tot he peritoneal cavity

37
Q

How do head folds reshapes the intraembryonic coelom re: Peritoneal cavity?

A

Relocated so IE and EE coeloms are continuous f

38
Q

What is suspended in the peritoneal cavity and how?

A

Caudal foregut, midgut, and hindgut are suspended by dorsal mesentery

39
Q

What is the septum transversum?

A

Primordium of the central tendon of diaphragm

40
Q

How do partitions form in the pericardioperitoneal canals?

A

Partitions form due to growth of primordial lounges

41
Q

What are the 2 folds found in each pericardial peritoneal canal?

A

Pleuro-pericardial folds

Pleuro-peritoneal folds

42
Q

What is the function of pleuro-pericardial folds?

A

Separate head from lungs

43
Q

Where do pleuro-pericardial folds develop in the pericardial-peritoneal canals?

A

Develop above developing lungs

44
Q

What will the pleuro-pericardial folds form upon enlargement?

A

Form pleuropericardial membranes

45
Q

How do the pericardial cavities and 2 pleural cavities become separated?

When do they become separate?

A

Pleuropericardial membranes fuse w/ mesenchyme in front of esophagus

Week 7

46
Q

What will grow into he pericardioperitoneal canals?

What will this cause?

A

Bronchial buds

Will cause cavity to expand and mesenchyme to split

47
Q

What will the growing bronchial buds cause mesenchyme to split into?

A

Outer layer —> thoracic wall

Inner layer —> fibrous pericardium (outerlayer of pericardial sac)

48
Q

What do the pleuroperidaial folds form form and where?

A

From somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm (somatic = parietal)

On lateral body wall

49
Q

How many layers do the pleuropericardial folds have?

A

3 layers

Epithelia-mesenchym-epithelie

50
Q

How is the primordial diaphragm formed?

A

Pleuroperitoneal membrane fuses with the dorsal mesentery of esophagus and septum transversum

51
Q

What forms the central tendon of the diaphragm?

A

Expansion of the septum transversum and subsequent fusion w/ the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and Pleuroperitoneal membranes

52
Q

What is the dorsal mesentery?

A

Median portion of diaphragm

53
Q

How is the Crura of the diaphragm formed?

A

From myoblasts growing into the dorsal mesentery

54
Q

What is the innervation of the diaphragm?

Why?

A

As myoblasts migrated into the dorsal mesentery it pulled ventral rami C3-C5 with them

They passed thru pleuroperidarical membranes
—>
Phrenic n. Lies on fibrous pericardium

55
Q

What is Gastroschisis?

A

Protrusion of viscera;

site of abdominal defect to right of umbilical cord rather than midline

56
Q

How common is gastroschisis?

A

1 in 3000 live births

57
Q

How is Gastroschisis different from an umbilical hernia?

A

Bowel is uncovered and floating in amniotic fluid

58
Q

Why does Gastroschisis occur?

A

Results from failure of the lateral body folds to fuse complete when the anterior abdominal wall forms

59
Q

When does the anteiror abdominal wall form?

A

4th week

60
Q

What is a congenital Epigastric hernia?

A

Midline bulge of abdominal wall located b/w the xyphoid process and umbilicius

Bowel is not exposed to amniotic fluid; remained covered by skin and subcutaneous tissues

61
Q

What is Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia? (CDH)

A

A posterolateral defect where viscera bulge into the plural cavity

62
Q

What is the occurrence of Congenital diaphragmatic hernias?

A

1 in 2200 live births

63
Q

What can cause Congenital DIaphragmatic hernias?

A

-improper closure of body cavities

-open left canal bc of lack of myoblasts migrating into the pericardioperitoneal canals/membrane
(Right closes before left, so usually left is affected)

64
Q

What are some consequences of a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia?

Which side is typically affected more?

A

Delayed lung maturation

Polyhydramnios

Left side affected 80% of time

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