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<3 > Thoracic Pulmonology > Flashcards

Thoracic Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have and what separates them?

A

2 lobes (superior and inferior)

Oblique fissure

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2
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have and what separates them?

A

3 lobes, 2 fissures

Superior 
-horizontal fissure
Middle
-oblique fissure
Inferior
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3
Q

What are the 3 surfaces found on a lung?

A

Costal surface

Mediastinal surface

Diaphragmatic surface

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4
Q

Where is the costal surface of the lung?

A

Opposes rib cage

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5
Q

Where is the mediastinal surface of the lung?

A

Opposes the mediastinum

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6
Q

Where is the Hilum located?

A

On mediastinal surface

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7
Q

What is the Hilum?

A

Place where structures exit lungs

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8
Q

What structures are found at the Hilum of the lung?

A

Pulmonary a.
Pulmonary v.
Main bronchi
Pulmonary l.

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9
Q 
What ar the differences between the 
1. pulmonary a. 
 2. Pulmonary v. 
&amp;
3. main bronchi
A

Pulmonary a. = superior, thicker

Pulmonary v. = antero-inferior and thinnest

Main bronchi - postero-inferior and thickest

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10
Q

What will the wall of Main bronchi have that both he pulmonary a. And v. Will no?

A

Will have cartilage in its wall

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11
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary l.?

A

Hang pleura from root of lung

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12
Q

On the Right lung’s mediastinal surface, what unique features are found? (7)

A
  1. Cardiac impression
  2. Groove for Azygous v.
  3. Groove for esophagus
  4. Groove for the superior vena cava
  5. Groove for inferior vena cava
  6. Groove for 1st rib
  7. Groove for Brachiocephalic v.
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13
Q

On the Left lung’s mediastinal surface, what unique features are found? (7)

A
  1. Cardiac impression
  2. Groove for the aortic arch
  3. Groove for the descending aorta
  4. Groove for the 1st rib
  5. Groove for the subclavian a.
  6. Cardiac notch of the left lung
  7. Lingual of the left lung
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14
Q

Where is the diaphragmatic surface of the lung?

A

Opposes the diaphragm

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15
Q

What are the 3 borders of the lung?

A

Anterior
Inferior
Posterior

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16
Q

On the anterior border of the Left lung, what unique features are found?

A

Cardiac notch

Lingula

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17
Q

What is the cardiac notch of the left lung?

A

Indentation of the anteroinferior aspect of the superior lobe

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18
Q

What is the Lingula of the left lung?

A

Thin process of the superior lobe created by the cardiac notch

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19
Q

Where is the inferior border of the lungs?

A

Projects into the costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal recesses

(Ring of lung around the diaphragmatic surface)

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20
Q

What are bronchopulmonary segments?

A

Pyramid shaped segments w/ apex at the hilum and base at the pulmonary surface

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21
Q

What separate the bronchopulmonary segments?

A

Separated by CT septa

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22
Q

How are bronchopulmonary segments named?

A

Supplied by and named for a single segmental bronchus

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23
Q

What can lung cancer result from?

A

Can derive from actual lung tissue or from the Bronchi (bronchogenic carcinoma

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24
Q

What nerves can lung cancer affect?

A

Can involve the…

Phrenic n.
Vagus n.
Recurrent laryngeal n.

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25
Q

What is a pneumonectomy?

A

Removal of a lung

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26
Q

What is a lobectomy?

A

Removal of a lobe of a lung

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27
Q

What is a segmentectomy?

A

Removal of a specific bronchopulmonary segment

28
Q

What is pleura?

A

Paired and continuous serous membranes that surround the lung

(Parietal and visceral)

29
Q

What is parietal pleura?

A

Membrane adherent to thoracic wall, mediastinum, and diaphragm

30
Q

What are the components of the parietal pleura?

A

Costal pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Cervical pleura

31
Q

Where is costal pleura found?

A

On internal surface of thoracic wall

32
Q

Where is mediastinal pleura found?

A

Lateral mediastinum

33
Q

Where is diaphragmatic pleura found?

A

Supeiro diaphragm

34
Q

Where is cervical pleura found?

A

Dome shaped over apex of lung

35
Q

Where is Visceral pleura found?

A

Adherent to lungs and extending into fissures

36
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

A POTENTIAL space b/w the 2 layers of pleura

NOT a real space

37
Q

What are the lunes of plerual reflection?

A

Abrupt changes in direction of parietal pleura

Points where pleura switches form mediastinal to diaphragmatic to costal to cervical etc.

38
Q

What are the 3 lines of Pleural reflection?

A
  1. Sternal line of pleura reflection
  2. Costal line of pleural reflection
  3. Vertebral line of pleural reflection
39
Q

What is the Sternal line of pLerual reflection?

A

When Costal —> Mediastinal anteriorly

40
Q

What is the costal line of pleural reflection?

A

Costal pleura —> diaphragmatic pleura

41
Q

What is the Vertebral line of pleural reflection?

A

Costal pleura —> mediastinal pleura posteriorly

42
Q

What are the 2 pleural recesses?

A
  1. Costomediastinal recess

2. Costodiaphragmatic recess

43
Q

What are the pleural recesses for?

A

Where lungs will go when they expand after you breathe in super hard

44
Q

What will travel into the COstomediastinal recess?

A

Anterior border of lung

45
Q

What will travel into the Costodiaphragamatic recess?

A

Where the inferior border will move toward

46
Q

Where will blood pool if you get stabbed in the thorax?

A

In the costomediastinal or costodiaphragmatic recesses

47
Q

What is the difference between pulmonary and pleural cavities?

A

Pulmonary cavity = real space w/ lungs and pleura

Pleural = potential space b/w 2 layers of pleura

48
Q

What does the pleural cavity contain in it?

A

Serous lubricating fluid that reduces friction and produces cohesion thru surface tension

49
Q

What is pleuritis? (Pleurisy)

A

Inflammation of the pleura producing a roughness on the lungs

Makes breathing difficult

50
Q

When does Pulmonary collapse occur?

A

When enough air enter the plural cavity to break surface tension b/w 2 layers of pleura

Elasticity of the lungs causes them to collapse

51
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Entry of air into the pleural cavity from a penetrating wound to the Thoracic wall or rupture of a pulmonary lesion into the pleural cavity

Results in collapse of the lung

52
Q

What is a hydrothroax?

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleura cavity

Usually the result of fluid escape into the pleural cavity or pleural effusion

53
Q

What is a hemothorax?

A

Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

Usually the result of a chest wound that lacerated an intercostal vessel or internal thoracic vessel
(rather than laceration of lung)

54
Q

What is the difference between a bronchi and bronchiole?

A

Bronchus —> tertiary bronchus

Tertiary bronchus —> bronchioles

55
Q

What is found in a bronchus but not in a bronchiole?

A

There is NO cartilage in a bronchiole

56
Q

What is the difference between the Right main bronchus and hte LEft main bronchus?

A

Right = wider, short, and buns more vertically than left main bronchus

57
Q

How many lobar bronchus’ is the Right main bronchus made up of?

A

3 - just like lung

Superior
Middle
Inferior

58
Q

How many lobar bronchus’ is the Left main bronchus made up of?

A

2 - just like lung

Superior
Inferior

^=secondary bronchus

59
Q

What is the branching pattern of the Secondary bronchus?

A

Segmental bronchi (tertiary)

—> conducting bronchiole

—> terminal bronchiole

—> respiratory bronchioles

—> alveolar duct —> Alveolus

60
Q

What is a segmental bronchioles assoc. w/?

A

W/ corresponding bronchopulmonary segment

61
Q

At which bronchiole is gas exchange capable?

A

Respiratory bronchiole

62
Q

Where is the primary site of gas exchange?

A

Alveolus (the functional unit of lung)

63
Q

How does the left main bronchus travel?

A

Inferolaterally

64
Q

What is bronchial asthma?

A

Widespread narrowing of the airways produced by contraction of smooth muscle edema of the mucosa and mucus in the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles

65
Q

What is a bronchoscopy?

A

Insertion of a bronchoscope into the trachea to visualize the main bronchi

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