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<3 > Thoracic O, A And M > Flashcards

Thoracic O, A And M Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thorax?

A

Region b/w the neck and abdomen

The superior portion of the trunk

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2
Q

What surrounds the the thoracic cavity?

A

Osteocartilaginous thoracic cage

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3
Q

What makes up the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage?

A

Formed by sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

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4
Q

What are the 3 primary divisions of the thoracic cavity?

A

2 pulmonary cavities

1 mediastinum

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5
Q

What do the pulmonary cavities contain?

A

lungs and pleurae

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6
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus, and thymus

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7
Q

What are the 2 thoracic apertures?

A

Superior and inferior thoracic apertures

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8
Q

What does the superior thoracic aperture allow for?

A

Communication b/w the neck and thorax

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9
Q

What are the contents of the superior thoracic aperture?

A

Trachea

Esophagus

Nerves and vessels supplying and draining head, neck, and UE

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the Superior thoracic apertuare

A

T1

Paired first ribs

Superior manubrium

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11
Q

What does the inferior throacic aperture allow for?

A

IRREGULAR communication b/w thorax and abdomen

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12
Q

What are the contents of the Inferior THoracic Aperture?

A

Esophagus

Inferior vena cava

Aorta

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the Inferior thoracic aperture?

A

T12 vertebral segment

11 and 12 ribs

7-10 costal cartilages

Xyphisternal joint

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14
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium

Body of sternum

Xyphoid process

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15
Q

What are the features of the Manubrium? (4)

A

Suprasternal notch
Sternal angle of Louis
Clavicular notch
Costal notches

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16
Q

Where is the suprasternal notch?

A

Superior border of manubrium

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17
Q

Where is the sternal angle of Louis?

A

Junction of manubrium and sternum body

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18
Q

What does the clavicular notch articulate w/?

A

Sternal end of clavicle

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19
Q

What are the costal notches found of the manubrium?

A

1st

Half of 2nd

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20
Q

What are the features of the

Body of the Sternum?

A

Xyphoid-sternal joint

Costal notches

Transverse ridges

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21
Q

What is the xyphoid/sternal joint?

A

Junction of sternum body and xyphoid process

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22
Q

What are the costal notches found in the Boyd of the sternum?

A

1/2 of 2nd

3-6

1/2 of 7

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23
Q

Where are the transverse ridges on the Body of the Sternum?

A

Anterior surface b/w costal notches

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24
Q

What are the features of the xyphoid process?

Specifically?

A

Costal notch

1/2 of 7

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25
Q

s?

What are “true” ribs?

A

Vertebrocostal ribs

1-7

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26
Q

s?

What are “false” ribs?

A

Vertebreochondral

8-10

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27
Q

s?

What are “floating” ribs?

A

Vertebral ribs

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28
Q

What are the atypical ribs?

A

1-2

10-12

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29
Q

How are True ribs attached in body?

A

Attach directly from vertebral segments to sternum via their OWN COSTAL cartilages

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30
Q

How are False ribs attached in body?

A

Attach from vertebral segments to joint SUPERIOR segment’ s costal cartilage

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31
Q

How are Floating ribs attached in body?

A

Do not attach to the sternum at all

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32
Q

What are the typical rib’s bony landmarks?

A

Head - articulates w/ thoracic vertebrae

Neck- b/w head and tubercle

Tubercle - articulates w/ transverse costal facets on thoracic vertebrae and has attachment point for lateral Costotransverse l.

Body - shaft, costal groove, costal angle

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33
Q

What are the 2 facets found on the head of a typical rib?

A

Superior articular facet

Inferior articular facet

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34
Q

What does the superior articular facet of the Head of a typical rib articular with?

A

W/ inferior costal demifacet on thoracic vertebral body ONE numeric segment SUPERIOR

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35
Q

What does the inferior articular facet of the Head of a typical rib articular with?

A

Articulates w/ superior costal demifacet on thoracic vertebral body of SAME numeric segment

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36
Q

What are the 2 parts to the Tubercle of a Typical rib?

What do these parts articulate with?

A

Articular facet - articulates w/ transverse costal facets on thoracic vertebrae

Non-articular part - attachment point for Lateral Costotransverse L.

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37
Q

What does the Costal Groove of the BOdy of a Typical Rib house?

A

Intercostal nerve and vessels

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38
Q

What is the Costal angle of the body of a Typical rib?

A

It is the anterolateral turning point of the rib

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39
Q

What are the features unique to Rib 1?

A

Broad, flat, and wider
Most sharply curved

Head
Scalene tubercle
Groove for the subclavian a.
Groove for the Subclavian v.

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40
Q

The heads of atypical ribs have how many facets?

A

One

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41
Q

What is the role of the Scalene tubercle of Rib 1?

A

Insertion point for ANterior scalenes M.

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42
Q

Where is the groove for the subclavian a. In relation to the groove for the subclavian v.

A

Groove for the Subclavian A. Is POSTERIOR to the v. Groove

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43
Q

Is rib 1 or rib 2 longer?

A

Rib 2

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44
Q

What is the feature unique to rib 2?

Role?

A

Tuberosity of Serratus anterior m.

-insertion for serratus anterior m.

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45
Q

What are the unique features of ribs 11 and 12?

A

Short and do NOT attach to sternum

Does NOT have tubercle or neck

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46
Q

Which ribs are most commonly fractured?

Where?

A

Middle ribs

@ weakest locus, just anterior to costal angle

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47
Q

What are the consequences of a rib fracture?

A

Can damage internal organs and produce severe pain w/ respiration, coughing, laughing, and sneezing

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48
Q

What are supernumerary ribs?

A

Extra ribs in cervical or lumbar region

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49
Q

What are the consequences of supernumerary cervical ribs?

A
  • Typically produce no sxs

* Can produce neural and circulatory problems based on their proximity to the brachial plexus and subclavian A.

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50
Q

What are the consequences of a supernumerary lumbar rib?

A
  • Typically produce no sxs

* Can result in confusion when reading radiographs and other diagnostic images

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51
Q

What does the vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae articular w/?

What features are found on it?

A
  • Articulates w/ 12 ribs

* Superior and Inferior costal facet

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52
Q

What is the role of the vertebral foramen of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Transmits spinal cord

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53
Q

What makes up the vertebral arch of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Pedicle

Lamina

54
Q

What is unique about hte spinous process of thoracic vertebrae?

A

Big going down

55
Q

The transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae have what unique feature?

A

Transverse costal facet

56
Q

What does the superior articular process of thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

A

W/ inferior articular process of vertebral segment ABOVE

57
Q

What does the Inferior articular process of thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

A

W/ superior articular process of vertebral segment BELOW

58
Q

What 2 vertebrae would articulate w/ Rib 6?

A

Inferior costal facet of T5

Superior costal facet of T6

59
Q

How are the ribs connected to the sternum?

A

Via costal cartilages

connect the anterior portion of ribs to sternum

60
Q

How is the costal cartilages of ribs 1-7?

A

Individually connect ribs to sternum

61
Q

How do ribs 8-10 utilize costal cartilages?

A

Articular w/ the costal cartilage SUPERIOR to them before articulating w/ sternum

62
Q

What type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

A

Synovial planar

63
Q

What is the costovertebral joint?

A

Where ribs meet up with vertebrae

64
Q

What are the components of the costovertebral joint?

A

Radiate l.

Intraarticular l.

Articular capsule

65
Q

What does the radiate L. Of the costovertebral joint do?

A

Connects head of rib to vertebral body

66
Q

What does the Intraarticular L. Of the Costovertebral joint do?

A

Connects head of rib to the intervertebral disc

67
Q

Where is the articular capsule strongest?

A

Strongest anteriorly as the Radiate L.

68
Q

What does the articular facet of the costal tubercle articulate w?

A

W/ same numeric thoracic vertebral segment

69
Q

What are the 2 forms of movement capable of the Costovertebral joint?

A
  1. Bucket handle movement

2. Pump handle movement

70
Q

What is the “buckle handle movement” of the Costovertebral joint?

What will it do?

A

Elevation of the lateral most portion of the rib

Increase transverse diameter of the thorax

71
Q

What is the “pump handle movement” of the Costovertebral joint?

What will it do?

A

Elevation of the sternal end of rib

Increases anterior to posterior diameter of the Thorax

72
Q

What is the function of the movement performed by the costovertebral joint?

A

Increase thoracic volume

Thereby decreasing thoracic pressure

Producing inspiration

73
Q

What is the joint classification of the Manubriosternal joint?

A

Cartilagenous symphysis joint

74
Q

What are the unique features of the Manubriosternal joint?

A

Sternal angel of Louis

2nd costal notch

75
Q

What is the joint classification of the Xyphisternal joint?

Why is this unique

A

Cartilagenous Synchondrosis joint

Usually this hyaline cartilage joint is temporary

76
Q

What makes up the Xyphisternal joint?

A

Inferior limit of thorax

7th costal notch

77
Q

What is the Sternocostal joint?

A

Junction of costal cartilages w/ sternum

78
Q

What is the joint classification for

Rib 1’s sternocostal joint

A

Synchondrosis Cartilagenous joint

79
Q

What is the joint classification of

Rib 2-7’s sternocostal joint?

What L.s are involved?

A

Synovial planar

Anterior radiate sternocostal L.

posterior radiate sternocostal L.

80
Q

What is the Costotransverse joint?

A

Joint formed between..

the facet of the tubercle of the rib
and
the adjacent transverse process of a thoracic vertebrae

81
Q

What is the classification of the Costotransverse joint?

A

Synovial planar

82
Q

What are the ligaments involved int he Costotransverse joint?

A

Lateral Costotransverse l.

Superior Costotransverse L.

83
Q

Where is the Lateral Costotransverse L. Found?

A

From tubercle of the rib to the TP

84
Q

Where is the ASuperior Costotransverse L. Found?

A

From Neck of rib to TP one segement ABOVE

85
Q

What is the costochondral joint?

A

Articulation b/w the ribs and costal cartilages

86
Q

What is the classification of the costochondral joint?

A

Synchondrosis joint

87
Q

Where are the interchondral joint?

A

Between costal cartilages of

6-7

7-8

8-9

9-10

88
Q

What is the classification of the interchondral joints from costal cartilages 6-9?

A

Synovial planar

89
Q

What is the classification of the interchondral joints from costal cartilages 9-10?

A

Fibrous joint

(Usually bone-fibrous CT-bone) but oh well

90
Q

What is the ligament found in the interchondral joint?

Function?

A

Interchondral l.

Strengthens the interchondral joint

91
Q

What are the joints found in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Intervertebral joint

Zygapophyseal joint

92
Q

What is the classification of the intervertebral joint of the THoracic vertebrae

Where is it?

A

Symphysis

B/w bodies where that intervertebral disc is

93
Q

What is the classification of the zygapophyseal joint of the THoracic vertebrae

Where is it?

A

Planar synovial

94
Q

What are the Ls. Found in the thoracic vertebrae joints?

A

Anterior longitudinal l.

Posterior longitudinal l.

Ligamentous flavum

Interspinous l.

Intertransverse l.

Supraspinous l.

Intervertebral discs w/ annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus

95
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal l. Of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

On anterior surface of vertebral bodies

96
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal l. Of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

On posteiror surface of the vertebral bodies inside the vertebral canal

97
Q

Where is the Ligamentous Flavum Of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Pale yellow fibers on back surfaces of vertebral laminae inside the vertebral canal

98
Q

Where is the interspinous l. Of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

B/w adjacent SPs

99
Q

Where is the Intertransverse l. Of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Exist as fibrous cords in the Thoracic regions b/w TPs

100
Q

Where is the Supraspinatus l. Of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

On back surface of SPs

101
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis

A

Tough fibrous other region of the intervertebral disc

102
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?

A

Soft gelatinous inner portion of the intervertebral discs

103
Q

What is a rib dislocation?

A

Dislocation at the Sternocostal joint

104
Q

What is a rib separation?

A

Separation at costochondral joint

105
Q

How many pairs of

External Intercostal M.

Are there?

A

11 pairs

106
Q

How many pairs of

internal Intercostal M.

Are there?

A

11 Paris

107
Q

How many pairs of

Innermost Intercostal M.

Are there?

A

11 pairs

108
Q

What will replace the External Intercostal M. Fibers ANTERIORLY?

What will this overlie

A

Fibers replaced by External Intercostal Membrane

Will overlie the internal intercostal m.

109
Q

What is the External Intercostal M. Continuous with INFERIORLY?

A

W/ the External Abdominal Oblique m.

110
Q

What is the O and I and N of the External Intercostal M.?

A

O: inferior border of ribs posteriorly

I: superior border of ribs below anteriorly

N: intercostal n.

111
Q

What is the action of the External intercostal m.?

A

Elevate ribs

112
Q

What will replace the

INTERNAL Intercostal M. Fibers POSTERIORLY?

A

M. Fibers replaced by INternal Intercostal Membrane

113
Q

Where is the internal intercostal membrane visible?

A

In posterior mediastinum immediately lateral to the vertebral column

114
Q

What is the Internal Intercostal M. Continuous with inferiorly?

A

W/ internal abdominal oblique m.

115
Q

What is the O and I and N of the internal intercostal M.?

A

O: inferior border of the ribs anteriorly

I: superior border of ribs posteriorly

N: intercostal n.

116
Q

What is the action of the

Internal Intercostal M. ?

A

Depress ribs

W/ interchondral part elevating rib

117
Q

How are the innermost intercostal ms. Separated from eh Internal intercostal Ms?

A

By the intercostal nerve and vessels

They are the deepest fibers

118
Q

If you can see bundle of intercostalnerve and vessels, what will be there?

A

Innermost intercostal M. Will NOT be there

119
Q

What is the O and I and N of the innermost intercostal ms.?

A

O: inferior border of ribs

I: superior border of ribs below

N: intercostal n.

120
Q

What is the action of the innermost intercostal ms.?

A

Undetermined

Probably same as internal intercostal m.
To depress ribs

121
Q

What is the O and I and N of the Transverse Thoracic M.?

A

O: posterior surface of lower sternal body and xyphoid process

I: internal surface of 2nd-6th costal cartilages

N: intercostal n.

122
Q

What is the action of the transverse thoracic m.?

A

Depress ribs

123
Q

Where do you typically see the subcostal ms?

A

Appear over the innermost intercostal m. On the internal surface of the posteiror thoracic wall

(Near the angles of the ribs)

124
Q

What is the O and I and N of the Subcostal M.?

A

O: inferior border of rib

I: superior border of rib (1-2 segment above)

N: intercostal n.

125
Q

What is the action o the subcostal m.?

A

Act as internal intercostal ms. To

Depress ribs

126
Q

What is a thoracentesis procedure?

A
  • Insertion of a hypodermic needle thru the intercostal musculature b/w ribs to obtain a fluid sample or drain small amts. of blood or fluids from Pleural Cavity
  • Needle inserted b/w ribs inferior to the intercostal Neurovascular bundle and superior to the collateral branches
127
Q

What is a Chest tube placement procedure?

Where is it typically performed?

A

◦ Insertion of a tube to remove large amts. of air, fluid blood or pus from the Plerual cavity

◦ Typically inserted in 5th or 6th intercostal space

128
Q

What is a thoroscopy?

A

◦ Insertion of a Thoroscope into the Plerual cavity thru small incisions for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the Pleural cavity

129
Q

What is another name for the External intercostal membrane?

A

Anteiror intercostal membrane

130
Q

What is another name for the internal intercostal membrane?

A

Posterior intercostal membrane

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