Body fluids

Question 1

What percentage of the animals total body weight is water?

Answer 1

60-70%

Question 2

What percentage is intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Answer 2

40-50%

Question 3

What percentage is extracellular fluid?

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

What percentage of the extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid?

Answer 4

15%

Question 5

What percentage of the extracellular fluid is intravascular fluid?

Answer 5

5%

Question 6

what percentage of the extracellular fluid is transcellular fluid?

Answer 6

1%

Question 7

What is Diffusion?

Answer 7

The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to one of a low concentration. The substances are passing down a diffusion gradient

Question 8

What is Osmosis?

Answer 8

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one

Question 9

What is Isotonic?

Answer 9

Fluid that has the same osmotic pressure as that of plasma (most fluid therapy involves the use of isotonic fluids)

Question 10

What is Hypotonic?

Answer 10

The fluid has a lower osmotic pressure than that of plasma

Question 11

What is hypertonic?

Answer 11

Fluid has a higher osmotic pressure than that of plasma

Question 12

What is insensible or inevitable loss?

Answer 12

Fluid loss from the body such as respiration and sweating that cannot be regulated

Question 13

What are cations?

Answer 13

Positively charged ions (electrolytes) such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium

Question 14

What are anions?

Answer 14

negatively charged ions such as chloride, bicarbonate, sulphate and phosphate

Question 15

What is intracellular fluid?

Answer 15

fluid within the calls

Question 16

What is extracellular fluid?

Answer 16

fluid surrounding the cells

Question 17

What is plasma?

Answer 17

Fluid in the blood

Question 18

What is transcellular fluid?

Answer 18

the fluids that are not inside the cells, but are separated from plasma and interstitial fluid by cellular barriers

Question 19

Give examples of transcellular fluids

Answer 19

Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid and pleural fluid

Question 20

What is a solution?

Answer 20

a liquid in which one or more substances have been dissolved

Question 21

What is a solvent?

Answer 21

a liquid which dissolves or has power to dissolve

Question 22

Give examples of bodily fluids

Answer 22

Amniotic fluid
Aqueous humour and vitreous humour 
Bile
blood serum
cerebrospinal fluid
cerumen
chyle

Question 23

What is the calculation for fluid loss through respiration and sweating?

Answer 23

20ml/kg/day

Question 24

What is the calculation for fluid loss through faeces?

Answer 24

10-20ml/kg/day

Question 25

What is the calculation for fluid loss through urine?

Answer 25

20ml/kg/day

Question 26

What is the estimated total fluid loss from the body?

Answer 26

50-60ml/kg/day

Question 27

is the water content of neonates higher or lower than in adult animals?

Answer 27

Higher because the solid elements of the body are underdeveloped

Question 28

By what other name might interstitial fluid be known?

Answer 28

tissue fluid

Question 29

List some functions of the body water

Answer 29

transport medium temperature regulation lubrication

Question 30

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 30

The pressure by which water is drawn through a semi-permeable membrane; proportionate to the number of particles in the solution

Question 31

How is water taken into the body?

Answer 31

drinking food metabolism

Question 32

What is meant by sensible water loss?

Answer 32

losses controlled by physiologic functions; urination, lactation and gastrointestinal losses

Question 33

What is an electrolyte ?

Answer 33

any substance that will split up into ions when dissolving in water. i.e any compound that can conduct and electric current when in solution

Question 34

What is an ion?

Answer 34

an atom or group of atoms having an electrical charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons

Question 35

What is the chemical sign for sodium

Answer 35

Na+

Question 36

What is the main cation of the extracellular fluid?

Answer 36

Sodium

Question 37

What is the main anion of the extracellular fluid?

Answer 37

Chloride

Question 38

what is the chemical sign for chloride?

Answer 38

Cl-

Question 39

What is the main cation in the intracellular fluid?

Answer 39

Potassium

Question 40

What is the main anion in the intracellular fluid?

Answer 40

Bicarbonate

Question 41

What is the chemical sign for potassium?

Answer 41

K+

Question 42

What is the chemical sign for bicarbonate?

Answer 42

HC03-

Question 43

What is plasma?

Answer 43

The fluid part of the blood which the corpuscles are suspended

Question 44

What is serum?

Answer 44

the clear, fluid residue of blood from which corpuscles and fibrin have been removed

Question 45

What is the daily water requirement for an adult dog?

Answer 45

40-60ml/kg/day plus other sensible losses

Question 46

what is the daily water requirement for an adult cat?

Answer 46

60ml/kg/day

Question 47

What is the daily water requirement for a kitten?

Answer 47

up to 150ml/kg/day

Question 48

What is active transport?

Answer 48

The movement of electrolytes against an osmotic gradient.

Question 49

what is the symbol for chlorine?

Answer 49

Cl -

Question 50

What is the chemical sign for potassium?

Answer 50

K+

Question 51

What is the chemical sign for calcium?

Answer 51

Ca+

Question 52

what is the chemical sign for Phosphorus?

Answer 52

P-

Question 53

What is the chemical sign for Magnesium?

Answer 53

Mg+