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Anatomy and physiology > The digestive system > Flashcards

The digestive system Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

ingestion

A

the process of taking food into the body; this takes place in the mouth

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2
Q

Digestion

A

the process of breaking down the food into small chemical units; this occurs in the stomach and small intestine

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3
Q

Absorption

A

the process whereby the chemical units pass into the blood and are carried to the liver; this occurs in the small intestine

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

the process in which the chemical units are converted into energy for use by all the organs of the body; this takes place mainly in the liver

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5
Q

Excretion

A

the removal of any remaining indigestible material

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6
Q

What is the oral cavity also known as?

A

mouth or buccal cavity

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7
Q

What does the oral cavity contain?

A

tongue, teeth and salivary glands

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8
Q

Prehension

A

to pick up food

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9
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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10
Q

Philtrum

A

the vertical split in the upper lip

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11
Q

gustation

A

taste

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12
Q

papillae

A

tiny fleshy nodules that cover the tongue

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13
Q

What is the function of the papillae?

A

gustation
grooming
movement of food boluses caudally towards the pharynx

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14
Q

what does saliva consist of?

A

99% water and 1% mucous

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15
Q

What are the names of the salivary glands?

A

Zygomatic
Sublingual
Mandibular
Parotid

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16
Q

Where is the zygomatic salivary gland located?

A

Close to the eyeball within the orbit

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17
Q

Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?

A

medial to the mandible, under the mucosa covering the underside of the tongue

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18
Q

Where is the mandibular salivary gland located?

A

caudal to the angle of the jaw

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19
Q

Where is the parotid salivary gland located?

A

between the base of the ear and the mandibular glands

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20
Q

what is the function of saliva?

A

to lubricate food making mastication and swallowing easier
Thermoregulation - panting and grooming
in omnivores it contains amylase which begins carbohydrate digestion

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21
Q

deglutition

A

Swallowing

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22
Q

What is the pharynx

A

a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane, connecting the back of the nasal and oral cavities with the oesophagus and the larynx and trachea.

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23
Q

What is the average time for food to pas down the oesophagus?

A

15-30 seconds

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24
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A

to act as a reservoir for food
to break up food and mix it with gastric juices
to begin the process of protein digestion

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25
Where is the stomach located?
on the left side of the cranial abdomen
26
Where does food enter the stomach from?
the cardiac sphincter
27
Where does food leave the stomach?
the pyloric sphincter
28
What is the name of the mesentery attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Lesser omentum
29
What is the name of the mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach?
greater omentum
30
Where is the spleen located?
within the layers of the greater omentum
31
What are the 3 sections of the stomach called?
Cardia fundus pylorus
32
Where are the goblet cells found?
in all parts of the stomach
33
What is the function of the goblet cells?
to secrete mucous to lubricate the food and to protect the stomach wall from damage by the digestive enzymes
34
Where are chief cells found?
within the fundus
35
What is the function of chief cells?
secrete pepsinogen, the precursor to the active enzyme pepsin which breaks down proteins into peptides
36
Where are parietal cells found?
within the fundus
37
What is the function of parietal cells?
secrete hydrochloric acid, this creates a pH which enables pepsin to work effectively
38
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
39
Where does food enter after passing through the the pyloric sphincter?
The duodenum
40
What happens in the small intestine?
Enzymic digestion and absorption
41
Where does the pancreas lie?
Within the loop of the U shaped duodenum
42
Where does the pancreatic duct and the common bile Duct empty into?
The duodenum
43
What is the name of the gland in the duodenum?
Brunner's glands
44
What is the name of the digestive enzymes that the Brunner's glands secrete?
Succus entericus
45
What does the duodenum lead on to?
The jejunum
46
What is the last section of the small intestine called?
Ileum
47
What is the name of the digestive glands within he wall of the jejunum and ileum?
Crypts of lieberkuhn
48
What are the crypts of lieberkuhn?
Digestive glands within the walls of the jejunum and ileum
49
What is the name of the part of the ileum that ends and joins the caecum?
Ileocaecal junction
50
What are villi?
Leaf-shaped folds of the epithelial layer of the small intestine
51
What is the function of the villi?
To increase the surface area of the epithelium to maximise the efficiency of the digestive and absorption process
52
What is chyle?
A milky fluid resulting from fat digestion carried by the lacteals
53
What is a lacteal?
A lymphatic capillary that carries chyle from the small intestine to the cisterna chyli in the dorsal abdomen
54
What does the exocrine part of the pancreas secrete?
Digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
55
Where does the gall bladder lie?
Within the lobes of the liver
56
What stimulated the release of gastric juice?
The hormone gastric secreted from the stomach wall
57
What hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice?
gastrin
58
What does gastric juice contain?
Mucus hydrochloric acid pepsinogen pepsin
59
What gives gastric juice its acidic pH?
Hydrochloric acid
60
what is the first part of the large intestine that joins with the ileum?
Caecum
61
What is the function of the caecum in carnivores?
It has no significant function
62
What happens in the colon?
Water, vitamins and electrolytes are absorbed
63
What is the name of the part of the colon that runs through the pelvic cavity?
Rectum
64
What structures marks the end of the intestinal tract?
Anal sphincter
65
What is the largest gland in the body?
the liver
66
What is the cranial aspect of the liver in contact with?
the diaphragm
67
What is the caudal aspect of the liver in contact with?
The stomach, duodenum and right kidney
68
what is the main section of the stomach called?
The Fundus
69
What holds the stomach to the abdominal wall?
Omentum
70
What hold the intestines to the abdominal wall?
Mesentery

Anatomy and physiology (29 decks)

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