Bonds/Water/Acids And Bases/Buffers

Question 1

Organs and systems involved in the fed state

Answer 1

Gut, RBC, CNS, muscles and liver

Question 2

Biochemical processes in the fasting state

Answer 2

1) Glycogenolysis
2) Gluconeogenesis + utilization of AA carbon backbones and ketone bodies
3) TAGs
4) degradation of muscle protein

Question 3

Biochemical process of starvation

Answer 3

Decreased use of ketone bodies > increased oxidation of FAs
Increased levels of ketone bodies > increased use by the brain
Decreased gluconeogenesis by the liver, decreased muscle breakdown

Question 4

Three types of energy

Answer 4

Potential (chemical)
Kinetic (movement and momentum)
Heat (temperature increases movement)

Question 5

When will the valance be at its best configuration?

Answer 5

Mimics the Nobel Gas

Question 6

What determines the likelihood an atom will form a chemical bond with another atom?

Answer 6

Number of e- in the valence

Question 7

Number of electrons in a covalent chemical bond

Answer 7

2

Question 8

Electrons are evenly or unevenly shared in a non-polar covalent bond?

Answer 8

Equally

Question 9

Electrons are evenly or unevenly shared in a polar covalent bond?

Answer 9

Unequally (partial electric charge)

Question 10

Bond that forms with complete stealing or loss of electrons

Answer 10

Ionic bond

Question 11

Water and its ionization products have an important role as

Answer 11

Solvents and reactants in many biological processes

Question 12

Water forms hydrogen bonds with polar or non-polar solutes

Answer 12

Polar

Question 13

Amphipathic or amphiphilic molecules contain

Answer 13

Both polar and non-polar groups (i.e. fatty acids)

Question 14

What is the reason for water to conduct electricity?

Answer 14

Dissociation of water as a source of ions

Question 15

Can water form ions?

Answer 15

Small, but finite tendency

Question 16

Under neutral conditions, will water dissociate

Answer 16

Little tendency

Question 17

H2O <> OH- + H+

Answer 17

Ionization of water

Question 18

Acids donate or accept protons

Answer 18

Donate

Question 19

Bases donate or accept protons

Answer 19

Accept

Question 20

HCL

Answer 20

Acid that donates a proton (H+)

Question 21

NH3

Answer 21

Base that accepts proton (H+)

Question 22

Acid dissociation constant

Answer 22

HA (acid) <=> H+(proton) + A- (base)

Question 23

Ka equation

Answer 23

Ka = [H+] + [A-] / [HA]

Question 24

The larger the Ka, the greater or lesser tendency of an acid to dissociate

Answer 24

Greater

Question 25

Equation that defines the titration curve for the monoprotic acid

Answer 25

pH = pKa + log10 {[A-] / [HA]}

Question 26

When pH is close to the pKa value, it is a

Answer 26

Good candidate for a buffer