Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOCHEMISTRY Q1 > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

1
Q

Process of protein synthesis

A

Genes > aminoacyl-tRNA > initiation, elongation, termination > polysomes > post transcriptional processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Group of 3 bases is called

A

Codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of the genetic code

A 
Triplet code 
Not overlapping and directional 
Degenerate 
Semi-universal
Read from a fixed starting point in each mRNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are stop codons in mitochondria?

A

AGA and AGG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is not considered a stop codon in mitochondria?

A

UGA > codes for tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of proteins

A 
Enzymes
Hormones
Receptors
Transporters 
Clotting factors
Immunoglobulins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of post translation modifications

A

Polymerization
Covalent modification
Glycosylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Protein synthesis takes place

A

In the ribosomes (found in cytosol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three phases or steps of protein synthesis

A

Initiation, elongation, termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phase involved with binding of mRNA and initiator aminoacyl-tRNA to the small subunit, followed by the large subunit

A

Initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phase involved in the movement of the ribosome along mRNA and synthesis of all peptide bonds - acceptor (A) and peptidyl (P) bound to tRNAs

A

Elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Occurs when a stop codon is reached

A

Termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Covalent bond to the acceptor arm of specific tRNA

A

Activation step or charging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Covalent bond to the acceptor arm of specific tRNA catalyzed by

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the charging of tRNA, the aminoacyl-AMP binds to 3’-OH of tRNA to produce

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the charging of tRNA, the amino acid + ATP forms

A

Enzyme complex (aminoacyl-AMP) + pyrophosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA must read the codon through base pairing via

A

Anticodon loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In translation, how is codon recognition achieved

A

Aminoacyl-tRNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tRNA arm important for ribosome binding

A

Ribothymidine and pseudouridine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tRNA arm responsible for enzyme recognition

A

Dihydrouridine (D) arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tRNA site responsible for binding codon

A

Anticodon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

each amino acid can be coded for by many triplet codons

A

degenerate (genetic code)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

elements needed for protein synthesis

A 
mRNA
tRNAs 
amino acids
ribosomes
protein factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

codon-anticodon pairing has three characteristics

A

selective
complementary
direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
codon, mRNA, parent (read)
5' to 3'
26
anticodon, tRNA (read)
3' to 5'
27
conformation of the tRNA anticodon loop permits flexibility at the first base of the anticodon
reason wobble occurs
28
third (3rd) base of codon TO first (1st) base anticodon
wobble hypothesis
29
initiation in prokaryotes
1) disassociation into 30S and 50S 2) IF3 binds to 30S (prevents 50S) 3) IF1 enhances disassociation 4) Shine-Dalgarno (mRNA) seq binds to 3' end of 16S rRNA 5) Met binds to 30S via IF2, complex formed with GTP 6) 50S joins complex as IFs disassociates
30
what signals translation to begin in eukaryotes
initiation codon at 5'-end (AUG or methionine)
31
initiation in eukaryotes
1) disassociation into 40S and 60S 2) IF3 binds to 40S (prevents 60S) 3) eIF1 enhances disassociation 4) 5' cap (mRNA) binds to 3' end 5) Met binds to 40S via eIF2, complex formed with GTP 6) Start codon facilitated by Kozak consensus seq (surrounds AUG) (5' ACCAUGG 3') 7) Poly (A) forms closed loop 8) 60S joins complex as IFs disassociate
32
the initiator tRNA occupies what site
P site
33
elongation factor in prokaryotes
EF-Tu
34
elongation factor in eukaryotes
eEF-1
35
What is required for elongation factors to bind
hydrolysis of GTP
36
binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to what site
A site (acceptor site)
37
peptide bond forms between
``` A site (amino group) and P site (carbonyl) ```
38
peptide bond catalyzed by
peptidyl transferase
39
activity of the rRNA in the large ribosomal subunit (ribozyme)
catalyzation of peptide bond by peptidyl transferase
40
bond between A site and P site
peptidyl transferase
41
RNA that acts as an enzyme
rRNA
42
peptidyl transferase is in
rRNA
43
connects amino acids in A and P sites
rRNA
44
elongation factors necessary for translocation
EF-2 (eukaryotes) and EF-G (prokaryotes)
45
elongation factors necessary for elongation
eEF-1 (eukaryotes) and EF-Tu (prokaryotes)
46
elongation and translocation repeat until
termination codon moves into the A site
47
three terminating (stop) codons of mRNA
UAA UAG UGA
48
terminating codons appear at what site
A site
49
promotes the hydrolysis of the bond between the peptide and tRNA on P site
releasing factor (with GTP and peptidyl transferase)
50
80S dissociates into 40S and 60S and recycles
once released from P site
51
rate of amino acid polymerization in eukaryotes
6 amino acids per second
52
rate of amino acid polymerization in prokaryotes
18 amino acids per second
53
what is a polyzome
complex of mRNA with multiple ribosomes
54
many ribosomes can translate the same mRNA
simultaneously (80 nucleotides apart on same molecule)
55
the number of ribosomes that can be translated on the same mRNA depends on
length of the mRNA
56
mitochondrial terminating (stop) codons
AGA | AGG
57
amino acid binds to which part of tRNA
3' end
58
in elongation, the creation of peptide bonds is catalyzed by
rRNA
59
protein synthesis results in the formation of
individual polypeptide bonds followed by folding and posttranslational modifications
60
primary protein structure
carboxyl group to amino group
61
secondary structure results from
hydrogen bonding at different locations of polypeptide chain
62
an example of quaternary protein structure
hemoglobin
63
four types of posttranslational modifications
phosphorylation glycosylation ADP ribosylation hydroxylation
64
antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to A site
tetracycline
65
antibiotic that prevents transition from translation initiation to chain elongation; causes miscoding
streptomycin
66
antibiotic that blocks peptidyl transferase reaction on ribosome
chloramphenicol
67
antibiotic that binds to exit channel of ribosome and inhibits elongation
erythromycin
68
antibiotic that blocks initiation of RNA chains by binding to RNA polymerase (prevents RNA synthesis)
rifamycin

BIOCHEMISTRY Q1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions