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Histology > bone > Flashcards

bone Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Bone

A

connective tissue characterized by a mineralized ECM

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2
Q

What is the ECM of bone

A

hydroxyapatite crystals
type 1 collagen
small amt of type 5
glycoproteins (ostecalcin,nectin and pontin)

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3
Q

Cells of BONE

A

osteocyte
osteoblast
osteoprogenitor cells
osteoclast

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4
Q

What is the function of bone

A

support
protection
storage site for calcium and phosphate

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5
Q

Endosteum

A

covers the inner surface of the marrow cavity and contains osteoprogenitor and endosteal cells that become osteocytes

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6
Q

Components of bone

A 
bone tissue
hemopoietic tissue
fat tissue
dense connective tissue 
vessels and nerves
endosteum
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7
Q

examples of long bones

A

diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, tibia and metacarpals

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8
Q

examples of short bones

A

carpal bones

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9
Q

examples of flat bones

A

skull cap and sternum

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10
Q

examples of irregular bones

A

complex shape like vertabra

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11
Q

haversian lamellae

A

concentrical lamellae surrounding a haversian canal that forms cylindrical units called osteon; haversian canals contain vessels and nerves
lacunae are between the lamellae with osteocytes
canaliculi penetrate lamellae with osteocytic processes

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12
Q

interstitial lamellae

A

between osteon space filled with old haversian systems (remodling bone)

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13
Q

outer circumferential lamellae

A

lining the outersurface of the bone under the periosteum

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14
Q

inner circumferential lamellae

A

lining the inner surface of the bone under the endosteum

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15
Q

Where is immature bone found

A

developing fetus, alveolar sockets, tendon attachments

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16
Q

characteristics of immature bone

A 
nonlamellar
more cell rich than mature bone
cells randomly organized
matrix is less mineralized and has more ground substance than mature bone
stains more basophilic
17
Q

What is periosteum

A

collagenous membrane on the outersurface of the bone

carries vessels and nerves which contain nocireceptros

18
Q

what are the two layers of the periosteum

A

outer fibrous layer that has dense irregular connective tissue
inner osteogenic layer: osteoprogenitor cells

19
Q

endosteum

A

covers the marrow cavity composed mostly of osteoprogenitor cells

20
Q

characteristic of osteoprogenitor cells

A

resemble fibroblasts
basophilic
located in the inner layer periosteum, endosteum and line the haversian and volkmanns canals
can divide and differentiate to osteoblasts and other things
participate in appositional bone formation

21
Q

osteoblasts

A

secretory cells capable of division
secrete ground substance and collagen
basophilic cytoplasm-RER
form a single cuboidal cell layer on surface of bone
secrete vesicles containing alkaline phosphatase

22
Q

when an osteoblast is surrounded by an osteoi it is called a

A

osteocyte

23
Q

osteocytes

A

surrounded by osteoid or mineralized bone
matains matrix
communicate via gap junctions and occupy canaliculi

24
Q

inactive osteocytes

A

few organelles

25
Q

formative osteocytes

A

RER

26
Q

resorptive osteocytes

A

lysosomes

27
Q

osteoclast

A 
multinucleated acidophilic cells
originate from monocytes
nuclei on side
ruffled border 
rest in a resorption bay
decalcify bone with lysosomal hydrolases
PTH increases osteoclast activity
28
Q

intramembranous ossification occurs when

A

fractures and embryo skull bone

29
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

starts with hyaline cartilage modle
perichondrium forms bony collar
primary ossification center develops
chondrocytes become hypertrophic and secrete alkaline phosphatase
inhibits diffusion of nutrients so death of suicidal cells
death of chondrocytes-matrix breaks down to form a cavity
capillary loop breaks into bone carrying osteoprogenitor cells that settle on surface of cartilage trabecules–osteoblasts
osteoblasts build bone
secondary ossification centers
capillary loop breaks into the epiphysis

30
Q

how does bone increase in diabeter

A

appositional growth

Histology (8 decks)

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