Chapter 5 Epithelium

Question 1

what are the characteristics of epithelial cells

Answer 1

organized, cohesive, shape dictates function, avascular and contain cytokeratins, polarized

Question 2

what are cytokeratins

Answer 2

unique to epithelium group of proteins that are expressed as intermediate filaments

Question 3

basal lamina

Answer 3

lamina dense and lamina lucida

Question 4

reticular lamina

Answer 4

derived from connective tissue, has connective tissue reticular fiers

Question 5

apical surface

Answer 5

Adjacent to the lumen

Question 6

basal surfac

Answer 6

adjacent to the basal lamina

Question 7

what are the functions of the epithlium

Answer 7

protection, absorption, secretion, transport, contractility and sensation

Question 8

What are the four types of junctions

Answer 8

tight junctions, adhering junctions, gap junctions and macula adherens or desomosomes

Question 9

characteristics of tight junctions

Answer 9

belt around the cell, fusion of adjacent cell membranes, and prevents movement of materials between adjacent cells (ex: blood brain barrier)

Question 10

characteristics of zonula adherens

Answer 10

actin filaments insert into plaques, connect to neighboring cells via cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), actin filaments form an intterconnected network all away around the cell

Question 11

desmosome or (macular adherens)

Answer 11

attachmen plaque, intermediate cytokeratin filaments, cadherin family, function as tight adjesion between cells

Question 12

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 12

attachment plaque, intermediate cytokeratin filaments, use integrins instad of cadherins and unction in tight adhesion to the BASAL LAMINA, connects to basement membrane

Question 13

gap junctions

Answer 13

connexins, generate a centrla porem function in communication

Question 14

where is simple squamous epithelium found

Answer 14

bowmans capsule of kidney, alveoli

Question 15

where is simple cuboidal epithelium found

Answer 15

kidney tubules

Question 16

where is simple columnar epithelium found ?

Answer 16

intestines, has a brush border

Question 17

microvilli

Answer 17

apical finger like extens to increase surface area on actin, glycocalyz and brush border in the intestine

Question 18

where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found ?

Answer 18

digestive tract

Question 19

cilia

Answer 19

have a 9+2 microtubule arrangement and are motile (9 doublets around 2 tubules)

Question 20

if cilia are immobile what are they called

Answer 20

sterocillia

Question 21

stratified squamous

Answer 21

the more layers you have the more protection, example is skin(keratinized) non keratinized (oral cavity, pharnyz, anus or vaginal opening)

Question 22

where is stratified cuboidal epithleium found

Answer 22

in large ducts

Question 23

where is stratified columnar epitheliu found

Answer 23

male reproductive tracts

Question 24

transitiional epithelium

Answer 24

found in the bladder and proximal portion of the utereters

Question 25

serous glands

Answer 25

secrete watery substance that is rich in enzymes

Question 26

package of enzymes

Answer 26

zymogens

Question 27

cells form spherical structures

Answer 27

alveolus (acinus)

Question 28

mucous glands

Answer 28

secretion is viscus or mucus and mucous gland cells form tubules

Question 29

serous demilune

Answer 29

serous cells from a cap over the mucus tubule (example is salivary glands)

Question 30

merocrine

Answer 30

no lossof cytoplasm, most common mode of exocrine gland (salivary gland)

Question 31

holocrine

Answer 31

entire cell is lost (sebaceous gland-oil gland)

Question 32

apocrine

Answer 32

apical cytoplasm is lost (mammary gland during lactation)

Question 33

classification of exocrine glands can be

Answer 33

duct system (simple or compound), secretory unit (tubular, alveolar, tubuloalbeolar) and unicellular and multicellular

Question 34

myoepithelial

Answer 34

help push secretion

Question 35

What are the hallmarks of steroid secreting cells >

Answer 35

lipid droplets, lots and lots of smooth ER, and small amount of RER

Question 36

epithelial sit on top of a basement membrane that consists of 2 main layers __________ and ______________

Answer 36

basal lamina and reticular lamina

Question 37

basal lamina consists of what

Answer 37

lamina dense and lamina lucida