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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

How is connective tissue classified ?

A

based on the types of cells and the mature of the ECM

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2
Q

Where is connective tissue found ?

A

usually found under the epithelial tissues as a supporting tissue

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3
Q

What are the primary functions of connective tissue ?

A

has a space filling role and a supportive role in bone, cartilage, and dense connective tissue

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4
Q

What are the two parts of the ECM

A

fibers and ground substances

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5
Q

What are the fibers in the ECM

A

collagen, reticular or elastic

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6
Q

What can the ground substance be made of in the ECM ?

A

glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin), glycosaminoglcyans (chondroitin sulfate, keratane sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid) and proteoglycans

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7
Q

What type of stain stains collagen fibers pink-red

A

eosin

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8
Q

What are collagen fibrils made of ?

A

tropocollagen aranged with a gap between then and a lag between the rows which forms a periodic banding of the fibril

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9
Q

What is tropocollagen composed of

A

3 glycoprotein alpha chains in a left handed triple helix

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of collagens ?

A

type 1-bone, skin, tendon, ligaments
type 2- hyaline cartilage
type 3- reticular fibers
type 4- basement membrane

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11
Q

Reticular fibers

A

type III collagen fibrils, form a mesh like network, supporting structures for adipocytes, muscle cells, small blood vessels hemopoietic and lymphatic tissues

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12
Q

What does the staining of reticular fibers look like ?

A

eosin (red)
PAS (red)
silver salts (black) argyrophylic fibers

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13
Q

Elastic fibers

A

form a branching network
found in elastic cartilage, elastic arteries and elastic ligaments
produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

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14
Q

What are the two components of elastic fibers

A

elastin central core and fibrilin microfibrils around the core embedded into the elast

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15
Q

Lesion of the fibrillin gene results in what

A

marfans syndrome

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16
Q

staining of elastic fiers

A

eosin red
orcein brown
resourcin fuchsin-bluish grey

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17
Q

What forms reticular fibers

A

fibroblasts smooth muscle cells and scwann cells

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18
Q

what forms type 1 collagen

A

fibroblasts and osteoblasts

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of Mafans syndrome

A

chest deformity
long arms
arachnodactyly
aorta can rupture

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of Ehler-Danlos syndrome

A

mutations affecting collagen polypeptide chains, hyperflexibility of the joints, hyperextensibility of the skin, vascular and organ rupture in the most serious cases

21
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

genetic mutations of the genes that assemble type I collagen, fragile bones, severalforms according to the damaged genes. most severe form is type II which involves abnomrally small and fragile rib cage

22
Q

What are the three morphologic classifications of connective tissue

A

embryonic connective tissue, connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue

23
Q

What are the two kinds of embryonic connective tissue

A

mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue

24
Q

Specialized connective tissue is representative by

A

adipose tissue, blood, bone, cartilage, hemopoietic tissue and lymphatic tissue

25
Q

connective tissue proper has two subtypes what are they ?

A

dense connective tisse and loose connective tissue

26
Q

characteristics of embryonic connective tissue

A

few star or spindle shaped cells forming a network
gap junctions bind them together
extracellular space is filled with HUGE amts of viscious ground stubstance

27
Q

mesenchyme embryonic connective tissue

A

primitive pluripotent connective tissue capable of turning into other tissue types
cellls: pluripotential mesemchymal cells

28
Q

mucous connective tissue of embryonic ct

A

found in the umbilical cord
cells: fibroblasts and few mesenchymal cells
more space
Wharton’s Jelly

29
Q

What are the general characteristics of dense connective tissue

A

few fibroblasts
little ground substance
large amount of collagen fiberss between them

30
Q

What are the characteristics of dense REGULAR connective tissue ?

A

fibers are arranged in parallel array
present in tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments
some ligaments contain large amount of elastic fibers instead of collagen: “elastic connective tissue”

31
Q

What are the characteristics of dense IRREGULAR connective tissue

A

fibers arranged in bundles in every direction
present in submucosea of hollow organs
cells are fibroblasts

32
Q

Characteristics of fibroblasts

A

star shaped cells with elogated disk like nucleus
synthesize fibers and ground substance
developed RER (basophilic cytoplasm

33
Q

Characteristics of myofibroblasts

A

contain contractile elements
lack basal lamina
located in the loose connective tissue
involved in regulating the shape and emptying of the glands and wound contraction and closure

34
Q

Characteristics of loose connective tisue

A

loosely arranged fibers
found beneth epithelial in the lamina propria mucosase
contains blood cells
can undergo significant swelling

35
Q

What are the transient cell population in loose connective tissues

A

lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

36
Q

white adipocytes

A

single fat drop filling the cytoplasm, ring shaped cytoplasm and flat peripheral nucleus

37
Q

brown adipocytes

A

several fat droplets in cytoplasm, brown pigment characteristic for newborns (rapid energy release)

38
Q

Macrophages

A

irregular shape, rounded nucleus, ingested material in cytoplasm, large golgi and RER, may for langhan cells by fusion

39
Q

mast cells

A 
large rounded with sperical nucleus
basophil granules
located next to small vessels
resemble basophils
tuloidin blue stains the granules metachromatically
responsible for anaphylatic reactions
40
Q

what is the function of heparan sulfate and heparain

A

blocks coagulation, responsible for basophila

41
Q

what is action o histamine, SRS-A

A

vasodilation and edema

42
Q

What are the function of eosinophil chemotactic factor and neutrophil chemotactic factor

A

cell attraction

43
Q

mesenchymal cells

A

star or spindle shaped cells
pluripotent
located around vessels

44
Q

lymphocytes

A

inteinsely staining, indented spherical nucleus, cytoplasm is thin and has a pale basophilic ring (T B and NK cells)

45
Q

Where are NK cells found

A

bone marrow

46
Q

Plasma cells

A

derived from B cells, antibody producing, heterachromatin in nucleus has the pattern of cartwheel or clock face

47
Q

neutrophils

A

capable of migration, granules, nucleus is multilobed

48
Q

eosinophils

A

named after the large eosinophilic granules in cytoplasm, typically bilobed

49
Q

basophils

A

large basophilic granules in the cytoplasm, nucleus obscurred by the granules, closely related to mast cells of the connective tissue

Histology (8 decks)

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