BONE

Question 1

Define Axial bones

Answer 1

Bones in the long axis of the body

eg. head, neck, thorax, abdomen

Question 2

define appendicular bones

Answer 2

Dones appended to the axial skeleton

eg. shoulder, upper limb, lower limb, pubic

Question 3

Which two bones make up the upper limb girdle?

Answer 3

Clavicle

Scapula (shoulder)

Question 4

Which three bones make up the lower limb girdle?

Answer 4

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium (sit on)
fuse together with age

Question 5

where is the metaphysis?

Answer 5

between epiphyses and medulla cavity

Question 6

what is the function of compact bone?

Answer 6

structural support

Question 7

what is the function of spongy bone?

Answer 7

support regeneration and absorb shock

Question 8

what is the function of the marrow cavity?

Answer 8

produce blood cells

Question 9

what is the periosteum?

Answer 9

Outer membrane covering the bone

Supports bone development (after fracture etc.) and nourishes tissue

Question 10

what is the endosteum?

Answer 10

Inner membrane covering the bone

Question 11

Describe appositional growth

Answer 11

Increase in width

Add tissue from outside (periosteum)

Question 12

Describe interstitial growth

Answer 12

Increase in length

Cell division in cartilage growth plate (inside bone)

Question 13

Give examples of irregular bones

Answer 13

Vertebrae

mandible

Question 14

Give examples of long bones

Answer 14

humerus
femur
phalanges (fingers)

Question 15

Give examples of flat bones

Answer 15

skull

ribs

Question 16

Give examples of short bones

Answer 16

carpal (wrist)

tarsal (ankle)

Question 17

Give examples of sesamoid bones and their function

Answer 17

patella - lower friction

Question 18

describe intramembranous ossification

Answer 18

ossification within embryological connective tissue membrane

membrane becomes replaced by bone

Question 19

Give examples of bones which undergo intramembranous ossification

Answer 19

clavicle
mandible
skull
face 
(flat bones)

Question 20

describe endochondrial ossification

Answer 20

pre-formed hyaline cartilage model of bone

hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone

Question 21

Give examples of bones which undergo endochondrial ossification

Answer 21

sternum
rib
vertebrae
fibula
long bones

Question 22

What is the difference in the sub-pubic angle and sacrum between male and females?

Answer 22

Male - <90, tilts forward

Female - >90, tilts back (for childbirth)

Question 23

What is the difference in the mandible between male and females?

Answer 23

male - square

female - smooth

Question 24

What is an epiphysis?

Answer 24

Rounded end of long bone

Question 25

What is a diaphysis

Answer 25

Shaft of long bone

Question 26

What is a condyle/ articular facet

Answer 26

smooth end of a bone covered with cartilage that articulates in a joint with the condyle of an adjoining bone

Question 27

what is an epidicondyle

Answer 27

Protruding area above a condyle for attachment of ligaments and muscles that act on the joint

Question 28

what is a fossa

Answer 28

shallow depression

Question 29

what is a process

Answer 29

any projection or bump

Question 30

What is a foramen

Answer 30

rounded whole for vessels or nerves

Question 31

what is a sulcus

Answer 31

narrow groove

Question 32

What is a tuberosity

Answer 32

rough projection